Vaccine hesitancy or hesitancies? A latent class analysis of pediatric patients' parents.

Vaccine hesitancy is an attitude of indecision toward vaccination that is related to but not determinative of vaccination behaviors. Although theories of vaccine hesitancy emphasize it is often vaccine-specific, we do not know the extent to which this is true across sociodemographic groups. In this study, we asked: What latent classes of vaccine hesitancy might exist when examining parents' attitudes toward vaccines in general and COVID-19 and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination specifically? Which sociodemographic, health access, and health-related variables are predictive of membership in those classes? To answer those questions, we analyze online survey data from parents of pediatric patients recruited through eight clinics within the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Rural Research Network.

Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Age-Varying Association Between Adherence to 8-5-2-1-0 Guidelines in Adolescents with High BMI.

Purpose: To examine the association between adherence to sleep, dietary, screen time, and physical activity (PA) (8-5-2-1-0) guidelines and risk of high body mass index (BMI ≥ 85 percentile) among U.S. adolescents and to assess for racial inequities and age-varying effects in these associations.

Income Dynamics and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-based Cohort Study.

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have increased colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but it is unknown whether income dynamics are associated with CRC risk in these individuals. We examined whether persistent low- or high-income and income changes are associated with CRC risk in non-elderly adults with T2DM.

Methods: Using nationally representative data from the Korean Health Insurance Service database, 1,909,492 adults aged 30 to 64 years with T2DM and no history of cancer were included between 2009 and 2012 (median follow-up of 7.

Physical activity among cancer survivors: do neighborhood walkability and metropolitan size play a role?

Purpose: To examine associations between walkability, metropolitan size, and physical activity (PA) among cancer survivors and explore if the association between walkability and PA would vary across United States metropolitan sizes.

Methods: This study used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey to examine independent associations of walkability and metropolitan size with engaging in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and to explore the effect modification of metropolitan size using log-binomial regression. The dependent variable was dichotomized as < vs.

Characteristics of Nursing Homes with High Rates of Urinary Tract Infections among Their Residents with Obesity.

Nursing home residents with obesity are at high risk for contracting urinary tract infections. In this research study, we found nursing homes in multi-facility chain organizations, for-profit status, nursing home size, obesity rate of resident population, and market competition were significantly associated with rates of urinary tract infections among residents with obesity.

Characteristics of United States nursing homes with high percentages of stage 2-4 pressure injuries among high-risk nursing home residents with obesity.

Obesity rates in nursing homes (NHs) are increasing. Residents with obesity are at risk for poor outcomes such as pressure injuries (PIs) due to special care needs such as bariatric medical equipment and special protocols for skin care. PIs among resident populations is a sign of poor quality NH care.

Non-use and inadequate use of cervical cancer screening among a representative sample of women in the United States.

Introduction: Women's adherence to the United States (U.S.) Preventive Services Task Force guidelines for cervical cancer screening was determined by examining predisposing, enabling, and needs factors from Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use conceptual framework.

Income variability and incident cardiovascular disease in diabetes: a population-based cohort study.

Background And Aims: Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 1 528 108 adults aged 30-64 with T2D and no history of CVD were included from 2009 to 2012 (mean follow-up of 7.

Type 2 diabetes and health-related quality of life among older Medicare beneficiaries: The mediating role of sleep.

Objective: To examine mediating effects of sleep quality and duration on the association between T2D and QoL among Medicare beneficiaries 65+.

Methods: Data from the Medicare Health Outcome Survey (2015-2020) were used. The outcome was QoL (physical and mental health component-summary scores [PCS and MCS]) measured by the Veterans-Rand-12.

Job Flexibility, Job Security, and Mental Health Among US Working Adults.

Importance: Understanding the association between job characteristics and mental health can inform policies and practices to promote employee well-being.

Objective: To investigate associations between job characteristics and mental health, work absenteeism, and mental health care use among US adults.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey and included adults aged 18 years or older who reported employment during the past 12 months.

Association Between Physical Activity and Physical Function in a Marshallese Population with Type 2 Diabetes.

Physical activity can delay functional decline in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), but these associations have not been studied within a sample of Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander adults with T2D. Using data from a randomized control trial in which 218 Marshallese adults with T2D participated in a 10-week diabetes self-management education intervention, this study tested our hypothesis that physical activity would predict physical function when controlling for time and other variables. Levels of physical activity were positively associated with levels of physical function, even after controlling for time and other covariates.

Characteristics of nursing homes with high percentages of falls and falls with injuries among residents with obesity.

Background: Obesity among United States nursing home (NH) residents is increasing. These residents have special care needs, which increases their risk for falls and falls with injuries. NH are responsible for ensuring the health of their residents, including minimizing falls.

Medical Financial Hardship and Food Security among Cancer Survivors in the United States.

Background: Some cancer survivors experience medical financial hardship, which may reduce their food security. The purpose of this study was to explore whether medical financial hardship is related to food security among cancer survivors.

Methods: The study was based on cross-sectional data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey.

Factors associated with breast cancer screening services use among women in the United States: An application of the Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use.

This study applied Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine predisposing, enabling, and need factors associated with adherence to the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for breast cancer screening (BCS). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors of BCS services utilization among 5484 women aged 50-74 from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. Predisposing factors significantly associated with use of BCS services were: being a Black (odds-ratios [OR]:1.

Prevalence and associations between food insecurity and overweight/obesity among native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adolescents.

Objective: This study estimates the prevalence of, and associations between, family food insecurity and overweight/obesity among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adolescents and explores socio-demographic factors which might have a moderation effect on the association.

Design: Cross-sectional study using 2014 NHPI-National Health Interview Survey data reported by a parent or guardian. Family-level food security was assessed by the US Department of Agriculture 10-item questionnaire.

Higher walkability associated with increased physical activity and reduced obesity among United States adults.

Objective: This study examined associations among perceived neighborhood walkability, physical activity (PA), and obesity among United States adults.

Methods: Data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey were analyzed. Walkability was assessed using a summative scale and was categorized as low, medium, or high.

Assessment of Colorectal Cancer Screening Disparities in U.S. Men and Women Using a Demographically Representative Sample.

Timely receipt of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening can reduce morbidity and mortality. This is the first known study to adopt Andersen's model of health services use to identify factors associated with CRC screening among US adults. The data from National Health Interview Survey from 2019 was utilized to conduct the analyses.

Nursing home directors of nursing experiences regarding safety among residents with obesity.

The prevalence of nursing home (NH) residents with obesity is rising. Perspectives of NH Directors of Nursing (DONs) who oversee care trajectories for residents with obesity is lacking. This study aimed to describe the experiences of NH DONs regarding care and safety for NH residents with obesity.

Food Pantry Usage Patterns are Associated with Client Sociodemographics and Health.

Characterizing food pantry (FP) clients' FP usage patterns may provide opportunities to tailor health-related interventions. Respondents (n=245) at seven FPs reported their frequency and reliance on FPs and their sociodemographics, health status, and health-related trade-offs. Clients were categorized via latent class analysis.

Factors associated with telehealth use among adults in the United States: Findings from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey.

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care shifted to virtual interactions with health professionals. The aim of this study was to examine the determinants of telehealth use in a nationally representative sample of the United States adult population.

Methods: The study used data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey of 17,582 respondents aged ≥18.

Food insecurity and chronic diseases among Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the US: results of a population-based survey.

Data from the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) National Health Interview Survey were used to examine associations between food security and individual chronic diseases, total number of chronic diseases, and general health status among 637 NHPI adults with income below 200 percent federal poverty level. Very low food security was associated with hypertension, diabetes, and asthma. Very low food security and marginal food security were associated with having any chronic disease and with having a higher number of chronic diseases.

Association of psychological distress and current cigarette smoking among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults and compared to adults from other racial/ethnic groups: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2014.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Research has documented an association between psychological distress and smoking among certain racial/ethnic groups but has not examined this association among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adults. Data from the 2014 general and the NHPI-specific National Health Interview Surveys were analyzed at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Regional Campus (Fayetteville, AR) in April 2021 to determine the association between current cigarette smoking and levels of psychological distress among NHPI adults and to assess the difference in the magnitude of that association among NHPI adults compared to adults of other racial/ethnic groups in the United States.

Neighborhood social cohesion and physical activity and obesity outcomes among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals.

Objective: Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) individuals report high obesity rates and low physical activity (PA) levels. This study examined associations between neighborhood social cohesion, obesity, and PA among NHPI adults.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the 2014 NHPI National Health Interview Survey were analyzed.

Investigating the Association between English Proficiency and General Health among Marshallese Adults in the United States.

Prior studies have not examined the association between English proficiency and health among Marshallese adults. Cross-sectional data from 378 Marshallese adults enrolled in a Diabetes Prevention Program study in Arkansas and Oklahoma were used to document English proficiency, assess the relationship between sociodemographic health-related characteristics and English proficiency, and examine the association between English proficiency and general health. Approximately one-fifth of participants reported limited English proficiency (LEP).

Associations between physical activity and functional limitations in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander middle-aged and older adults in the United States.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) can help individuals maintain physical function and independence. The association between PA and functional limitations (FL) has not been explored in the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) population. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between PA and FL among NHPI adults (age ≥ 45 years) living in the United States.