Human Leydig cells are productively infected by some HIV-2 and SIV strains but not by HIV-1.

Objectives: With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the identification of HIV reservoirs within the body has become an important issue. However, the testis has been largely ignored despite representing a pharmacologic sanctuary which could act as a viral reservoir.

Design: Because alterations in testosterone production have frequently been reported in HIV-infected individuals, we investigated whether the testosterone-producing Leydig cells could become directly infected by HIV-1, HIV-2 or SIV.