Vitamin D, bone alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone in healthy subjects and haemodialysed patients from West Africa: impact of reference ranges and parathyroid hormone generation assays on the KDIGO guidelines.

Background: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend targets based on multiples of the upper limit of normal (ULN) of parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. However, the ULN has not always been correctly established by manufacturers. While it is known that the ULN is supposed to be higher in African Americans than in Caucasians, it is largely unknown in Africans.

[Immune, inflammatory, and nutritional protein profile in children with iron deficiency in Côte d'Ivoire].

Throughout the world and particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, deficiencies in trace elements constitute a real public health problem because of the insufficient nutritional quality of food. These trace elements are necessary for many of the body's biochemical reactions. The role of microelements such as vitamin A and zinc has been established in the functioning of the immune system and secretion of inflammatory reaction proteins, but the role of iron in these functions remains to be elucidated.