Effects of dextran sulfate, 4-t-butylcyclohexanol, pongamia oil and hesperidin methyl chalcone on inflammatory and vascular responses implicated in rosacea.

Background: Rosacea is a chronic facial skin disorder characterized by inflammation and vascular abnormalities. The pathophysiology of rosacea involves increased activation of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, and cathelicidin LL-37, MMP-9, and KLKs. We evaluated the activity of four compounds (dextran sulfate, 4-t-butylcyclohexanol [BCH; TRP-regulin], pongamia oil, and hesperidin methyl chalcone [HMC]) on inflammatory and vascular responses implicated in rosacea.

Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of extract on in vitro models.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common skin disease characterized by recurrent pruritic inflammatory skin lesions resulting from structural and immune defects of the skin barrier. Previous studies have shown the clinical efficacy of Avène thermal spring water in AD, and a new microorganism, was suspected to contribute to these unique properties. The present study evaluated the anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and immunomodulatory properties of ES0, an original biological extract of , in immune and inflammatory cell models in order to assess its potential use in the treatment of AD.

Pharmacological properties of Myrtacine® and its potential value in acne treatment.

This study aimed at evaluating the antiproliferative, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of an ethanolic myrtle extract (Myrtacine®) in vitro, characterising its potential active compounds (myrtucommulones A and B') by structural analysis, and evaluating their biological activity. Antiproliferative activity was assessed by the BrdU incorporation assay in HaCat keratinocytes and inhibitory and bactericidal activities against P. ACNES strains by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and D value.

Rhealba® oat plantlet extract: evidence of protein-free content and assessment of regulatory activity on immune inflammatory mediators.

Owing to their high content of flavonoids and saponins, plantlets of Avena sativa L. (Poaceae) are likely to possess anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties of value in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). With a view to its potential use in atopic subjects at risk of developing sensitisation to dietary proteins, we prepared a plantlet extract without proteins and isolated 2 flavonoids, isoorientin-2''- O-arabinoside (1) and isovitexin-2''- O-arabinoside (2), and two saponins, avenacosides A (3) and B (4).

Age-related differences in sensitivity of peripheral blood monocytes to lipopolysaccharide and Staphylococcus aureus toxin B in atopic dermatitis.

As shown by atopy patch tests, atopic dermatitis (AD) is dominated in its acute phase by the development of a specific T(H)2 response after exposure of the skin to common environmental antigens. Relying on our previous data showing that Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB) induced the activation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) through Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and that SEB-pulsed DCs commit allogenic naive T cells into T(H)2, we assessed monocytes sensitivity to SEB and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a group of children and adult patients with AD. Monocytes from AD patients (15 adults with mostly severe disease and 15 children with mild to moderate disease) exhibited an activated and tolerant state as supported by (i) secretion of large amounts of IL-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha even in the absence of stimulation; (ii) their inability to modulate neither HLA-DR and CD54 nor TLR2 and TLR4 expression after in vitro challenge with SEB; (iii) inhibition of IL-12p70 secretion in response to LPS.

n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids induce the expression of COX-2 via PPARgamma activation in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 inhibit inflammation, in vivo and in vitro in keratinocytes. We examined in HaCaT keratinocyte cell line whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) a n-3 PUFA, gamma-linoleic acid (GLA) a n-6 PUFA, and arachidic acid a saturated fatty acid, modulate expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme pivotal to skin inflammation and reparation. We demonstrate that only treatment of HaCaT with GLA and EPA or a PPARgamma ligand (roziglitazone), induced COX-2 expression (protein and mRNA).

Skin-infiltrating CD8+ T cells initiate atopic dermatitis lesions.

Skin lesions in the allergic form of atopic dermatitis (AD) are induced by allergen-specific T cells that infiltrate the skin at the site of allergen exposure. Although Th2-type CD4+ T cells appear to be crucial in AD pathophysiology, little is known about the contribution of CD8+ T cells in the development of the allergic skin inflammation. In the present study, we have analyzed the respective role of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the development of AD skin lesions in a mouse model of allergen-induced AD.

Human dendritic cells conditioned with Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B promote TH2 cell polarization.

Background: Immune surveillance against microbes at sites of interface with environment involves immediate recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by dendritic cells (DCs). According to their first-line position, DCs are key parameters for the establishment of an appropriate innate and adaptive response against pathogens to avoid disease development. Even though their role in pathogenesis is well known, bacterial toxins have been less examined for their ability to drive DC activation and T-cell polarization.

Isolation and absolute configuration of new bioactive marine steroids from Euryspongia n. sp.

The apolar fraction of the crude alcoholic extract of the sponge Euryspongia n. sp. was shown to display anti-inflammatory activity.

Avena Rhealba inhibits A23187-stimulated arachidonic acid mobilization, eicosanoid release, and cPLA2 expression in human keratinocytes: potential in cutaneous inflammatory disorders.

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of Avena Rhealba (AR) oatmeal extract on the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosanoids as well as on the expression of cytosolic phospholipase A(2 )(cPLA(2)) in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT. For this purpose, we examined the effects of AR on basal and A23187-triggered release of [(3)H]-AA from phospholipids and on the production of [(3)H]-labeled metabolites of the cyclooxygenase (CO) and 5-lipoxygenase (LO) pathways. AR was found to inhibit A23187-triggered [(3)H]-AA mobilization from phospholipids (p<0.