The spore-associated protein BclA1 affects the susceptibility of animals to colonization and infection by Clostridium difficile.

The BclA protein is a major component of the outermost layer of spores of a number of bacterial species and Clostridium difficile carries three bclA genes. Using insertional mutagenesis each gene was characterized and spores devoid of these proteins had surface aberrations, reduced hydrophobicity and germinated faster than wild-type spores. Therefore the BclA proteins were likely major components of the spore surface and when absent impaired the protective shield effect of this outermost layer.

Functional characterization of Clostridium difficile spore coat proteins.

Spores of Clostridium difficile play a key role in the dissemination of this important human pathogen, and until recently little has been known of their functional characteristics. Genes encoding six spore coat proteins (cotA, cotB, cotCB, cotD, cotE, and sodA) were disrupted by ClosTron insertional mutagenesis. Mutation of one gene, cotA, presented a major structural defect in spore assembly, with a clear misassembly of the outermost layers of the spore coat.