Tacrolimus Concentrations Measured in Excreted Bile in Liver Transplant Recipients: The STABILE Study.

Purpose: Tacrolimus (TAC) is the main immunosuppressive drug in liver transplantation. Despite intensive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) that relies on whole blood trough concentration (TAC), patients still present with acute cellular rejection or TAC-related toxic effects with concentrations within the therapeutic range. TAC concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (TAC) is considered as an efficient surrogate marker of TAC efficacy.

High Intrapatient Variability of Tacrolimus Exposure in the Early Period After Liver Transplantation Is Associated With Poorer Outcomes.

Background: Tacrolimus (TAC) is the cornerstone of immunosuppressive regimen in liver transplantation (LT). Its pharmacokinetics is characterized by a high interpatient and intrapatient variability (IPV) leading to an unpredictable dose-response relationship. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of TAC IPV (IPV) on graft and patient outcomes after LT.

Effective insect repellent formulation in both surfactantless and classical microemulsions with a long-lasting protection for human beings.

The aim of this work is to develop a new generation of repellent products with a long-lasting protection based on a natural component, para-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD). The active is first rendered soluble in a surfactantless microemulsion (H(2)O/(i)PrOH/PMD) and then in classical microemulsions. The presence of self-associated nanostructures is detected by dynamic light scattering (DLS).

Plasma and peritoneal concentration following continuous infusion of cefotaxime in patients with secondary peritonitis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the steady-state plasma and peritoneal concentrations of cefotaxime and its metabolite desacetyl-cefotaxime administered by continuous infusion to critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis.

Patients And Methods: In 11 patients, a continuous infusion of 4 g/24 h of cefotaxime following a bolus of 2 g was evaluated. Plasma and peritoneal levels of cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime were measured at steady state on days 2 and 3 (plasma) and on day 3 (peritoneal) by HPLC.

Iron chelation can modulate UVA-induced lipid peroxidation and ferritin expression in human reconstructed epidermis.

Background/purpose: As ferritin has been identified as an important factor in antioxidant defense in cultured human skin cells, we evaluated UVA-induced lipid hydroperoxides (LPO) production and ferritin expression in reconstructed human epidermis in vitro.

Results: Ferritin is regularly present in the basal layer of unirradiated epidermis both in the human skin in vivo and in the reconstructed human epidermis in vitro. Following acute UVA exposure, ferritin expression increased in basal epidermal cells in both models.