Growth Differentiation Factor 15 and Diet Quality Trajectory Interact to Determine Frailty Incidence among Middle-Aged Urban Adults.

Background: Elevated plasma growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and poor diet quality may be associated with increased frailty incidence, although their interactive associations have not been assessed in urban middle-aged adults.

Objectives: We aimed to examine GDF15 and its interactive association with diet quality in relation to frailty incidence among a sample of middle-aged urban adults.

Methods: The relationship between GDF15 and diet quality trajectories in relation to incident frailty was examined in a longitudinal study of participants in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span (2004-2017).