Diaphragmatic function is preserved during severe hemorrhagic shock in the rat.

Background: Acute diaphragmatic dysfunction has been reported in septic and cardiogenic shock, but few data are available concerning the effect of hemorrhagic shock on diaphragmatic function. The authors examined the impact of a hemorrhagic shock on the diaphragm.

Methods: Four parallel groups of adult rats were submitted to hemorrhagic shock induced by controlled exsanguination targeting a mean arterial blood pressure of 30 mmHg for 1 h, followed by a 1-h fluid resuscitation with either saline or shed blood targeting a mean arterial blood pressure of 80 mmHg.

Improved survival after resuscitation with norepinephrine in a murine model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock.

Background: Recent studies have challenged current guidelines on fluid resuscitation. However, studies on resuscitation using norepinephrine in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock are lacking. The authors examined the effects of norepinephrine in combination with saline infusion in uncontrolled hemorrhage in rats.

Use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess renal dysfunction after hypertonic-hyperoncotic resuscitation in rats.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the renal tolerance of a hypertonic-hyperoncotic solution (HHS) administration during uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock (UHS).

Methods: UHS was produced in rats by a preliminary bleed followed by tail amputation. Hydroxyethylstarch (HHS) 200/0.

Survival of severely shocked patients who present with absent radial pulse and unrecordable blood pressure in the pre-hospital phase.

Objectives: To determine the mortality and clinical features of patients presenting with severe hypotension in the pre-hospital phase of care.

Design: A prospective observational study. The medical records of patients attended by a physician-led pre-hospital medical service were examined prospectively.