Expression of flavonoid 6-hydroxylase candidate genes in normal and mutant soybean genotypes for glycitein content.

Soybean seeds accumulate large amounts of isoflavones (genistein, daidzein and glycitein), secondary metabolites known for their phytoestrogenic activities. Isoflavone composition depends on the seed part and glycitein is almost found exclusively in hypocotyls. Moreover, two major phenotypes are encountered in soybean cultivars, with either low (35 %) or high (55 %) levels of glycitein in their hypocotyls.

Trypacidin, a spore-borne toxin from Aspergillus fumigatus, is cytotoxic to lung cells.

Inhalation of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia can cause severe aspergillosis in immunosuppressed people. A. fumigatus produces a large number of secondary metabolites, some of which are airborne by conidia and whose toxicity to the respiratory tract has not been investigated.

Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two CYP619 cytochrome P450s involved in biosynthesis of patulin in Aspergillus clavatus.

Patulin is an acetate-derived tetraketide mycotoxin produced by several fungal species, especially Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys species. The health risks due to patulin consumption by humans have led many countries to regulate it in human food. Previous studies have shown the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in the hydroxylation of two precursors of patulin, m-cresol and m-hydroxybenzylalcohol.