Parenting Education to Improve Relational Health Through Pediatric Primary Care: A Scoping Review.

The objective of this study was to describe characteristics of effective pediatric primary care interventions that focused on parenting education about healthy parent-child relationships. A scoping review of 4 electronic databases searched for related systematic reviews published in English from January 2000 to June 2023. The full texts of 14 systematic reviews were evaluated by 2 independent reviewers and used to identify 25 unique parenting interventions of which 21 improved outcomes more than the comparison group.

Considering personal needs in misdeeds: The role of compassion in shaping observer reactions to leader leniency.

Although punishment deters misconduct, protects employees from harm, and maintains cooperation in organizations, not all leaders punish-some are lenient. Employees keenly watch leaders' responses to misconduct. Leniency is often judged as unfair because it violates moral principles of justice, motivating observers to withhold support to leaders.

Predictive Validity of the Whole Child Assessment in a Generally Healthy Pediatric Cohort.

Background: Adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure is associated with increased risk of poor health outcomes. Several tools to identify ACEs during pediatric practice exist, but few include all 10 ACEs from the original ACE study and none have established predictive validity.

Objectives: Assess predictive validity of the ACE score reported during routine pediatric practice using the Whole Child Assessment (WCA).

Adverse childhood experiences and transcriptional response in school-age children.

This study evaluated whether children with higher adverse childhood experiences (ACE) scores had alterations in immune cell gene expression profiles. RNA sequencing was conducted on dried blood spot samples from 37 generally healthy English-speaking children (age 5-11) who were recruited from well-child visits at a university-affiliated pediatric practice. The Whole Child Assessment was used to assess ACE exposure.

Use of the Whole Child Assessment to identify children at risk of poor outcomes.

Background: Screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) in pediatric patients has the potential to prevent poor health outcomes associated with ACEs. Only a limited number of tools screen for all ten ACEs in all pediatric age groups, and none of these have demonstrated robust validity to date.

Objective: In order to evaluate the validity of the Whole Child Assessment, we examined associations between poor outcomes in pediatric patients and responses to questions about exposure to and risk of ACEs.

Implementation of the Whole Child Assessment to Screen for Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Pediatricians are encouraged to screen for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The current study developed and implemented a tool to screen for Child-ACEs at a pediatric resident clinic in San Bernardino, California. Development of the tool, named the Whole Child Assessment (WCA), was based on an iterative process that incorporated triangulation of references, patient data, and physician feedback.

A Systematic Review of Trials to Improve Child Outcomes Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences.

Context: The purpose of this systematic literature review was to summarize current evidence from RCTs for the efficacy of interventions involving pediatric health care to prevent poor outcomes associated with adverse childhood experiences measured in childhood (C-ACEs).

Evidence Acquisition: On January 18, 2018, investigators searched PubMed, PsycInfo, SocIndex, Web of Science, Cochrane, and reference lists for English language RCTs involving pediatric health care and published between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2017. Studies were included if they were (1) an RCT, (2) on a pediatric population, and (3) recruited or screened based on exposure to C-ACEs.

Cheating under pressure: A self-protection model of workplace cheating behavior.

[Correction Notice: An Erratum for this article was reported in Vol 103(1) of (see record 2017-44052-001). In the article, the fit statistics in Study 3 were reported in error. The fit of the measurement model is: Χ²(362) = 563.

Leader social accounts of subordinates' unethical behavior: Examining observer reactions to leader social accounts with moral disengagement language.

When providing social accounts (Sitkin & Bies, 1993) for the unethical conduct of subordinates, leaders may use language consistent with cognitive strategies described by Bandura (1991, 1999) in his work on moral disengagement. That is, leader's social accounts may reframe or reconstrue subordinates' unethical conduct such that it appears less reprehensible. We predict observers will respond negatively to leaders when they use moral disengagement language within social accounts and, specifically, observers will ostracize these leaders.

How knowledge of adverse childhood experiences can help pediatricians prevent mental health problems.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to gain a better understanding of the perspectives of low-income, minority primary caregivers to inform the design of pediatric interventions to prevent mental health problems.

Method: The authors conducted a follow-up study of female primary caretakers of children ages 4-5 years old in an urban northeastern pediatric practice, including 5 mothers of children with low Child Adverse Childhood Experiences (C-ACE) scores and 13 mothers of children with high C-ACE scores.

Results: Participation in early speech therapy, preschool programs, or mental health treatment was less likely for children with high C-ACE scores.

Sociodemographic predictors of delayed- versus early-stage cervical cancer in California.

Purpose: We sought to evaluate and distinguish roles of sociodemographic predictors for delayed- versus early-stage cervical cancer.

Methods: Demographic variables for 13,624 cervical cancers having complete data for age at diagnosis (4 categories), race and ethnicity (4 categories), socioeconomic status (SES) quintiles, and marital status (3 categories) were extracted from the California Cancer Registry database for the period 1996 to 2005 and analyzed using multiple logistic regression as predictors of delayed- versus early-stage diagnosis.

Results: Fifty-eight percent of cervical cancers were among women younger than 50 years, compared with 46% of delayed-stage cases.

Third parties' reactions to the abusive supervision of coworkers.

This research examines 3rd parties' reactions to the abusive supervision of a coworker. Reactions were theorized to depend on 3rd parties' beliefs about the targeted coworker and, specifically, whether the target of abuse was considered deserving of mistreatment. We predicted that 3rd parties would experience anger when targets of abuse were considered undeserving of mistreatment; angered 3rd parties would then be motivated to harm the abusive supervisor and support the targeted coworker.

Unethical for the sake of the group: risk of social exclusion and pro-group unethical behavior.

This research tested the idea that the risk of exclusion from one's group motivates group members to engage in unethical behaviors that secure better outcomes for the group (pro-group unethical behaviors). We theorized that this effect occurs because those at risk of exclusion seek to improve their inclusionary status by engaging in unethical behaviors that benefit the group; we tested this assumption by examining how the effect of exclusion risk on pro-group unethical behavior varies as a function of group members' need for inclusion. A 2-wave field study conducted among a diverse sample of employees working in groups (Study 1) and a constructive replication using a laboratory experiment (Study 2) provided converging evidence for the theory.

Adverse childhood experiences: translating knowledge into identification of children at risk for poor outcomes.

Objective: To pilot test a tool to screen for adverse childhood experiences (ACE), and to explore the ability of this tool to distinguish early child outcomes among lower- and higher-risk children.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used data collected of 102 children between the ages of 4 and 5 years presenting for well-child visits at an urban federally qualified health center. Logistic regression analyses adjusted for child sex, ethnicity, and birth weight were used to test the association between each dichotomized child outcome and risk exposure based on a 6-item (maltreatment suspected, domestic violence, substance use, mental illness, criminal behavior, single parent) and 7-item (plus maternal education) Child ACE tool.

Employees' behavioral reactions to supervisor aggression: an examination of individual and situational factors.

This research examines employees' behavioral reactions to perceived supervisor aggression. The goal is to understand what makes employees react constructively or destructively to aggression. Three types of behavioral reactions are investigated: retaliation, coworker displaced aggression, and problem solving.

Self-gain or self-regulation impairment? Tests of competing explanations of the supervisor abuse and employee deviance relationship through perceptions of distributive justice.

Two competing explanations for deviant employee responses to supervisor abuse are tested. A self-gain view is compared with a self-regulation impairment view. The self-gain view suggests that distributive justice (DJ) will weaken the abusive supervision-employee deviance relationship, as perceptions of fair rewards offset costs of abuse.

Unethical behavior in the name of the company: the moderating effect of organizational identification and positive reciprocity beliefs on unethical pro-organizational behavior.

We examined the relationship between organizational identification and unethical pro-organizational behavior (UPB)-unethical behaviors conducted by employees to potentially benefit the organization. We predicted that organizational identification would be positively related to UPB and that positive reciprocity beliefs would moderate and strengthen this relationship. The results from 2 field studies support the interaction effect and show that individuals who strongly identify with their organization are more likely to engage in UPB when they hold strong positive reciprocity beliefs.

Abusive supervision and workplace deviance and the moderating effects of negative reciprocity beliefs.

In this study, the authors examine the relationship between abusive supervision and employee workplace deviance. The authors conceptualize abusive supervision as a type of aggression. They use work on retaliation and direct and displaced aggression as a foundation for examining employees' reactions to abusive supervision.

Young males' sexual education and health services.

This study examined the basis for one hospital's decision to restructure its teen family planning clinical services. We examined results of surveys conducted from 1998 to 2003 with more than 2000 mostly African American eighth-grade boys. Most young males wanted to postpone sexual intercourse, but an even greater percentage were willing to use a method of protection.

Predictors of improved mood over time in clinical trials for major depression.

The objective of this exploratory analysis was to use a repeated measures modeling approach to identify potential predictors of improved mood over time in patients with major depression. Fifty-one subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD) were enrolled in a 1-week single blind placebo lead-in, followed by an 8-week, double-blind placebo-controlled treatment with either fluoxetine or venlafaxine. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to identify baseline and placebo lead-in predictors of change in repeated measures of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) during treatment.