Heterogeneity of Mismatch Repair Status and Microsatellite Instability between Primary Tumour and Metastasis and Its Implications for Immunotherapy in Colorectal Cancers.

Deficient mismatch repair system (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI) is found in about 5% of metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) with a major therapeutic impact for immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) use. We conducted a multicentre study including all consecutive patients with a dMMR/MSI mCRC. MSI status was determined using the Pentaplex panel and expression of the four MMR proteins was evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

HSP110 as a Diagnostic but Not a Prognostic Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer With Microsatellite Instability.

Determination of microsatellite instability (MSI) using molecular test and deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) using immunohistochemistry (IHC) has major implications on colorectal cancer (CRC) management. The microsatellite has been reported to be more monomorphic than the common markers used for MSI determination. Large deletion of has been associated with efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in dMMR/MSI CRCs.

Reappraisal of HER2 status in the spectrum of advanced urothelial carcinoma: a need of guidelines for treatment eligibility.

Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) may represent a therapeutic target, its evaluation in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder does not rely on a standardized scoring system by immunohistochemistry or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), as reflected by various methodology in the literature and clinical trials. Our aim was to improve and standardize HER2 amplification detection in bladder cancer. We assessed immunohistochemical criteria derived from 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAPs) guidelines for breast cancer and investigated intratumoral heterogeneity in a retrospective multicentric cohort of 188 patients with locally advanced urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.

Neoadjuvant FOLFOX 4 versus FOLFOX 4 with Cetuximab versus immediate surgery for high-risk stage II and III colon cancers: a multicentre randomised controlled phase II trial--the PRODIGE 22--ECKINOXE trial.

Background: In patients with high risk stage II and stage III colon cancer (CC), curative surgery followed by adjuvant FOLFOX-4 chemotherapy has become the standard of care. However, for 20 to 30% of these patients, the current curative treatment strategy of surgical excision followed by adjuvant chemotherapy fails either to clear locoregional spread or to eradicate distant micrometastases, leading to disease recurrence. Preoperative chemotherapy is an attractive concept for these CCs and has the potential to impact upon both of these causes of failure.

Microbial dysbiosis and colon carcinogenesis: could colon cancer be considered a bacteria-related disease?

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is posing an increasingly important burden on the health care system, with western countries seeing a growing incidence of the disease. Except for germline DNA mutations which have been attributed to less than 5% of patients, little is known about the main causes of CRC. However, environment factors such as food, lifestyle and medication are now suspected to have a major influence on inducing cancers.

Liver resection for colorectal liver metastases with peri-operative chemotherapy: oncological results of R1 resections.

Background: Retrospective analysis of outcomes of R0 (negative margin) versus R1 (positive margin) liver resections for colorectal metastases (CLM) in the context of peri-operative chemotherapy.

Methods: All CLM resections between 2000 and 2006 were reviewed. Exclusion criteria included: macroscopically incomplete (R2) resections, the use of local treatment modalities, the presence of extra-hepatic disease and no peri-operative chemotherapy.

[Collagenous gastritis and ileo-colitis occurred in autoimmune context: report of a case and review of the literature].

Collagenous colitis belongs to the group of microscopic colitis. The aetiology and pathogenesis are unknown but different pathogenic hypothesis, autoimmune, infectious, alimentary and medicinal being are advanced, the last one being the most frequent aetiology. The collagenous gastritis is a rare entity and its association with collagenous colitis was exceptionally reported, only six cases being published.

[Retrospective diagnosis of stromal tumor with liver and nodal metastasis in a hemorrhagic Meckel's diverticulum appearing 8 years after the first resection].

Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract (0.3-4%). The gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST) are rare tumours.

Hyaline globules (thanatosomes) in gastrointestinal epithelium: pathophysiologic correlations.

Hyaline globules (HGs; thanatosomes) are well-defined morphologic and functional entities representing a degenerative phenomenon common to all cell types. We present the first quantitative and qualitative study of HGs in normal and pathologic gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium from a series of 2,230 biopsies. HGs were very rarely found in normal epithelium (1.

[Single filiform polyp revealed by severe haemorrhage in a patient with normal colon. Report of a case and review of the literature].

Filiform polyposis or giant inflammatory polyp is an uncommon benign lesion that has principally been reported in patients with evidence of inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. It appears to be a sequella of diffuse mucosal inflammation. More rarely, PF found in association with colonic non specific inflammation.

[Tropical sprue: two cases in the Paris area].

Tropical sprue (TS) is a postinfective tropical malabsorption that occurs in tropical countries. TS is associated with a persisting colonization of the small-intestine lumen by enterotoxinogenic bacteria that cause subsequent enterocyte damage affecting all or part of the small-intestine. We report two cases of TS that occurred in inhabitants of Paris area returned from endemic areas.

[Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the colon: report of a case and review of the literature].

Sarcomatoid carcinomas or carcinosarcoma are rare tumors composed of mixed carcinoma cells and mesenchymal cells. Thirteen cases with colorectal involvement have been published to date. We report a case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the colon in a 67-Year-old woman hospitalized with a history of anemia and bloody stools.

[Acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) recto-colitis mimicking rectal carcinoma without apparent cause of immunodeficiency].

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the gastrointestinal tract occurs mainly in immunosuppressed patients. We report here the case of a 76-Year-old woman, without obvious cause of immunosuppression, who developed severe proctitis. The clinical course was favourable with ganciclovir therapy.

[Isolated ileal villous atrophy: a rare cause of chronic diarrhea. Report of a case and review of the literature].

Villous atrophy of the terminal ileum is usually secondary to celiac disease or other diseases. Very few cases of primary ileal villous atrophy have been reported in the literature. We report here the case of a 37-year-old man with chronic diarrhea since childhood without features of malabsorption.

[Regression of hepatocellular carcinoma under Tamoxifen: report of one case and review of the literature].

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a malignant tumor with a poor prognosis, particularly when it is unresectable. The results of tamoxifen treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma have been disappointing and randomized studies have shown conflicting results. We report the case of a 72-yr-old-man with histologically confirmed hepatocellular carcinoma on a normal liver, that regressed with tamoxifen treatment.