Investigating the association of mechanical restraint with somatic harmful outcomes: national register-based study.

Background: Coercive measures to manage disruptive or violent behaviour are accepted as standard practice in mental healthcare, but systematic knowledge of potentially harmful outcomes is insufficient.

Aims: To examine the association of mechanical restraint with several predefined somatic harmful outcomes.

Method: We conducted a population-based, observational cohort study linking data from the Danish national registers from 2007 to 2019.

Health-Related Costs of Intimate Partner Violence: Using Linked Police and Health Registers.

This study aims to estimate direct health-related costs for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) using nationwide linked data based on police reports and two healthcare registers in Finland from 2015 to 2020 ( = 21,073). We used a unique register dataset to identify IPV victims from the data based on police reports and estimated the attributable costs by applying econometric models to individual-level data. We used exact matching to create a reference group who had not been exposed to IPV.

Effects of screening for anxiety and depression in patients with ischaemic heart disease - a nationwide Danish register study.

Aim: To investigate the effect of screening for anxiety and depression (AD) in patients with ischaemic heart disease (IHD) on the likelihood of receiving treatment for AD.

Methods: We used a nationwide dataset of all Danish patients with an incident IHD diagnosis in the period 2015-2018 ( = 80,701) of which 20,461 (25%) were exposed to screening for AD as part of cardiac rehabilitation. A binary composite indicator for the use of any AD treatment (prescriptions of AD drugs, general practitioner (GP) counselling or referral to a psychologist), was modelled as the dependent variable.

Socioeconomic consequences of traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries: a Danish nationwide register-based study.

Study Design: A nationwide population-based register study.

Objectives: To investigate the socioeconomic consequences of traumatic (tSCI) and non-traumatic (ntSCI) spinal cord injuries (SCI) in relation to health care costs, risk of job loss, and divorce.

Setting: Denmark.

Return to work: does cardiac rehabilitation make a difference? Danish nationwide register-based study.

Aim: to assess whether participation in cardiac rehabilitation affects the probability of returning to work after ischaemic heart disease.

Methods: the study population consisted of 24,509 patients (18-70 years of age) discharged from an inpatient admission at a Danish hospital during 2014-2018 and who were working before their admission. Only patients with a percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass grafting surgery procedure and ICD-10 codes I20-I25 as their main diagnosis or ICD-10 codes I21, I240, I248 or I249 as secondary diagnosis during an emergency admission were included.

Optimization of Nutrition And Medication (OptiNAM) for acutely admitted older patients: protocol for a randomized single-blinded controlled trial.

Background: Internationally, older patients (≥65 years) account for more than 40% of acute admissions. Older patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) are frequently malnourished and exposed to inappropriate medication prescribing, due in part to the inaccuracy of creatinine-based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The overall aims of this trial are to investigate: (1) the efficacy of a medication review (MED intervention) independent of nutritional status, (2) the accuracy of eGFR equations based on various biomarkers compared to measured GFR (mGFR) based on Technetium-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid plasma clearance, and (3) the efficacy of an individualized multimodal and transitional nutritional intervention (MULTI-NUT-MED intervention) in older patients with or at risk of malnutrition in the ED.

Cost-effectiveness of adding a non-invasive acoustic rule-out test in the evaluation of patients with symptoms suggestive of coronary artery disease: rationale and design of the prospective, randomised, controlled, parallel-group multicenter FILTER-SCAD trial.

Introduction: Most patients with symptoms suggestive of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) have no obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) and better selection of patients to be referred for diagnostic tests is needed. The CAD-score is a non-invasive acoustic measure that, when added to pretest probability of CAD, has shown good rule-out capabilities. We aimed to test whether implementation of CAD-score in clinical practice reduces the use of diagnostic tests without increasing major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rates in patients with suspected CCS.

Psychiatric and Physical Health Outcomes Associated with Interpersonal Violence: A Propensity Score Matching Approach.

This study examined the association between interpersonal violence and a range of psychiatric and physical health outcomes and assessed whether these associations changed when controlling for a stress-related diagnosis. An observational case-control study was conducted on a sample of 4,059 victims of violence. Using propensity score matching a number of risk factors (assessed five years prior assault) were used.

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a supported employment intervention for people with mood and anxiety disorders in Denmark - the IPS-MA intervention.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of a modified Individual Placement and Support intervention for people with mood and anxiety disorders (IPS-MA).

Methods: Costs were assessed from a societal perspective. Health care costs were derived from registers and combined with data on use of IPS-MA services, municipal social care, and labour market services.

Severity of COVID-19 at elevated exposure to perfluorinated alkylates.

Background: The course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) seems to be aggravated by air pollution, and some industrial chemicals, such as the perfluorinated alkylate substances (PFASs), are immunotoxic and may contribute to an association with disease severity.

Methods: From Danish biobanks, we obtained plasma samples from 323 subjects aged 30-70 years with known SARS-CoV-2 infection. The PFAS concentrations measured at the background exposures included five PFASs known to be immunotoxic.

Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness of individual placement support and cognitive remediation in people with severe mental illness: Results from a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Administrators and policymakers are increasingly interested in individual placement and support (IPS) as a way of helping people with severe mental illness (SMI) obtain employment or education. It is thus important to investigate the cost-effectiveness to secure that resources are being used properly.

Methods: In a randomized clinical trial, 720 people diagnosed with SMI were allocated into three groups; (a) IPS, (b) IPS supplemented with cognitive remediation a social skills training (IPSE), and (c) Service as usual (SAU).

Predictive validity of PRISMA-7 as a screening instrument for frailty in a hospital setting.

Objectives: Frailty is a major clinical geriatric syndrome associated with serious adverse events including functional disability, falls, hospitalisation, increased morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to study the associations between frailty defined as Program of Research to Integrate Services for the Maintenance of Autonomy (PRISMA-7) score ≥3 and use of healthcare resources in hospital and in the municipality as well as association between frailty and mortality.

Design: Register-based retrospective study.

Socioeconomic Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Danish Nationwide Register-Based Study.

This study examined if acquiring a traumatic brain injury (TBI) increases utilization of health care costs, increases risk of job loss for the patient and the closest relatives, and increases the risk of divorce 1 to 5 years following the injury. The study was conducted as a Danish national population-based register study with follow-up. Participants included a cohort of patients with TBI ( = 18,328) admitted to a hospital or treated in an emergency room (ER) and a matching control group ( = 89,155).

Post-hospital medical respite care for homeless people in Denmark: a randomized controlled trial and cost-utility analysis.

Background: Being homeless entails higher mortality, morbidity, and prevalence of psychiatric diseases. This leads to more frequent and expensive use of health care services. Medical respite care enables an opportunity to recuperate after a hospitalization and has shown a positive effect on readmissions, but little is known about the cost-effectiveness of medical respite care for homeless people discharged from acute hospitalization.

Quality of life, psychological distress and violence among women in close relationships: a population-based study in Finland.

Background: The aim of this study was to examine associations between exposure to violence, quality of life, and psychological distress. Women aged 19-54 years who had been exposed to violence by someone in a close relationship were compared with women unexposed to violence in Finland. We also aimed to investigate associations between different forms of violence (physical, sexual, emotional, or any combination of these) with quality of life and psychological distress.

A performance comparison of patient pathways in Nordic capital areas - a pilot study for ischaemic stroke patients.

This article describes and discusses the extension of performance measurement using an episode-based approach so that the measurement includes primary care, and social and long-term-care services. By using data on incident stroke patients from the capital areas of four Nordic countries, this pilot study: (a) extended the disease-based performance analysis to include new indicators that better describe patient care pathways at different levels of care; (b) described and compared the performance of care given in the four areas; (c) evaluated how additional information changed the rankings of performance between the areas; and (d) described the trends in performance in the capital areas. The construction of data was based on a common protocol that used routinely collected national registers and statistics linked with local municipal registers.

Risk factors for violence-related injuries in emergency departments: a Danish linkage study.

: Interpersonal violence is a pervasive global public health problem associated with myriad health, social and economic consequences. In recent years the rates of interpersonal violence have decreased, however, high numbers of individuals continue to present to emergency departments for non-fatal violence-related injuries. : This study aimed to examine a range of risk factors associated with violence-related injuries in an emergency department in Denmark.

Costs associated with adverse events among acute patients.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the additional treatment costs of acute patients admitted to a Danish hospital who suffered an adverse event (AE) during in-hospital treatment.

Methods: A matched case-control design was utilised. Using a combination of trigger words and patient record reviews 91 patients exposed to AEs were identified.

Costs and Quality at the Hospital Level in the Nordic Countries.

This article develops and analyzes patient register-based measures of quality for the major Nordic countries. Previous studies show that Finnish hospitals have significantly higher average productivity than hospitals in Sweden, Denmark, and Norway and also a substantial variation within each country. This paper examines whether quality differences can form part of the explanation and attempts to uncover quality-cost trade-offs.

Incident users of antipsychotics: who are they and how do they fare?

Purpose: In Denmark, as well as in many other countries, consumption of antipsychotics is on the rise, partly due to increasing off-label use. The aim of this study was to analyze and quantify the extent of off-label use and polypharmacy in incident users of antipsychotic medication, and to examine initial antipsychotic prescribing patterns and associated use of mental health care services.

Method: Population-based cohort study linking the following Danish national registers: the Central Psychiatric Research Register, the Register of Medicinal Product Statistics, and Statistics Denmark.

The DOMUS study protocol: a randomized clinical trial of accelerated transition from oncological treatment to specialized palliative care at home.

Background: The focus of Specialized Palliative Care (SPC) is to improve care for patients with incurable diseases and their families, which includes the opportunity to make their own choice of place of care and ultimately place of death. The Danish Palliative Care Trial (DOMUS) aims to investigate whether an accelerated transition process from oncological treatment to continuing SPC at home for patients with incurable cancer results in more patients reaching their preferred place of care and death. The SPC in this trial is enriched with a manualized psychological intervention.

Magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of administering magnesium sulphate to patients in whom preterm birth at < 32+0 weeks gestation is either imminent or threatened for the purpose of fetal neuroprotection.

Methods: Multiple decision tree models and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to compare the administration of magnesium sulphate with the alternative of no treatment. Two separate cost perspectives were utilized in this series of analyses: a health system and a societal perspective.

Costs of traffic injuries.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the socioeconomic costs of traffic injuries in Denmark, notably the healthcare costs and the productivity costs related to traffic injuries, in a bottom-up, register-based perspective.

Method: Traffic injury victims were identified using national emergency room data and police records. Victims were matched with five controls per case by means of propensity score, nearest-neighbour matching.

Is quality costly? Patient and hospital cost drivers in vascular surgery.

An increasing focus on hospital productivity has rendered a need for more thorough knowledge of cost drivers in hospitals, including a need for quantification of the impact of age, case-mix and other characteristics of patients, as well as establishment of the cost-quality relationship.The aim of this study is to identify cost drivers for vascular surgery in Danish hospitals with a specific view to quality of the treatment: Is higher quality associated with increased costs, when all other cost drivers are accounted for?We analyse cost drivers in a register-based study, using patient level data from three sources: The Vascular Register, the hospital cost database, and the National Patient Register with added DRG-information. The analysis follows a multilevel set-up, where cost drivers at patient level are analysed in a set of general linear regression models including complications and mortality as quality measures.