Occurrence of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates and Gut Microbiota: A Case-Control Prospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is still one of the leading causes of neonatal death. The present study reports the data from a French case-control prospective multicenter study.

Methods: A total of 146 preterm neonates (PNs) with or without NEC were included.

Early Life Factors Influencing Children Gut Microbiota at 3.5 Years from Two French Birth Cohorts.

Early life gut microbiota-influencing factors may play an important role in programming individuals long-term health and substantial efforts have been devoted into studying the development of the gut microbiota in relation to early life events. This study aimed to examine in a single study, the persistence of associations between 20 factors occurring in the early life and the gut microbiota at 3.5 years of 798 children from two French nationwide birth cohorts, EPIPAGE 2 (very preterm children) and ELFE (late preterm and full-term children).

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: and fermentation metabolism and enteropathogenicity.

Bacterial colonization in the gut plays a pivotal role in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) development, but the relationship between bacteria and NEC remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate whether bacterial butyrate end-fermentation metabolites participate in the development of NEC lesions and confirm the enteropathogenicity of and in NEC. First, we produced and strains impaired in butyrate production by genetically inactivating the gene encoding β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that produces end-fermentation metabolites.

Very Preterm Children Gut Microbiota Comparison at the Neonatal Period of 1 Month and 3.5 Years of Life.

Prematurity is a risk factor for dysbiosis of the gut microbiota due to particular birth conditions and frequent prolonged hospitalization of neonates. Although gut microbiota colonization after birth and its establishment during the hospitalization period have been studied in preterm infants, data on gut microbiota following discharge, particularly during early childhood, are scarce. The present study investigated the relationship between gut microbiota at 1 month after birth (hospitalization period) and 3.

Gut Microbiota Diversity of Preterm Neonates Is Associated With Colonization.

In adults, infections are associated with alterations of the intestinal bacterial populations. Although preterm neonates (PN) are frequently colonized by , limited data are available regarding the relationship between and the intestinal microbiota of this specific population. Therefore, we studied the intestinal microbiota of PN from two multicenter cohorts using high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene.

Core-, pan- and accessory genome analyses of : insights into genetic diversity.

is a potential opportunistic pathogen recovered from faecal samples in cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a gastrointestinal disease affecting preterm neonates. Although the species description and name validation were published in 2018, comparative genomics are lacking. In the present study, we provide the closed genome assembly of the ATCC BAA-265 (=250.

Isolation and Characterization of Commensal Bifidobacteria Strains in Gut Microbiota of Neonates Born Preterm: A Prospective Longitudinal Study.

Bifidobacterial population dynamics were investigated using a longitudinal analysis of dominant species isolated from feces of neonates born preterm (singletons ( = 10), pairs of twins ( = 11)) from birth up to 16 months of age. We performed quantification, isolation, and identification of the dominant bifidobacteria strains. The genetic relationship of the isolates was investigated via pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) genotyping, and PCR was used to screen the specific genetic marker genes.

Assessment of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Practices and Preterm Newborn Gut Microbiota and 2-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcomes.

Importance: In very preterm newborns, gut microbiota is highly variable with major dysbiosis. Its association with short-term health is widely studied, but the association with long-term outcomes remains unknown.

Objective: To investigate in preterm newborns the associations among practice strategies in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), gut microbiota, and outcomes at 2 years.

Evidence for contamination as the origin for bacteria found in human placenta rather than a microbiota.

Until recently the in utero environment of pregnant women was considered sterile. Recent high-sensitivity molecular techniques and high-throughput sequencing lead to some evidence for a low-biomass microbiome associated with the healthy placenta. Other studies failed to reveal evidence for a consistent presence of bacteria using either culture or molecular based techniques.

Faecal calprotectin and gut microbiota do not predict enteropathy in very preterm infants.

Aim: Very preterm birth is associated with a high risk of enteropathies. Diagnosis is challenging, especially in mild forms, leading to unnecessary periods of cessation of enteral feeding. This study aimed at establishing a prognosis score of enteropathy combining clinical parameters and faecal calprotectin concentration.

Functional and phylogenetic alterations in gut microbiome are linked to graft-versus-host disease severity.

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is the main complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Changes in gut microbiota composition have been associated with subsequent aGVHD, and reconstitution of healthy microbiota is currently being explored as a therapeutic approach. However, the specific actors in the intestinal ecosystem involved in the pathologic process at the time of aGVHD onset are not yet fully known.

Carriage and colonization of C. difficile in preterm neonates: A longitudinal prospective study.

Background: Premature neonates (PN) present multiple risk factors for high frequencies and high levels of colonization by C. difficile, yet data is missing about this specific pediatric population. Here, we investigated PN C.

A New Bifidobacteria Expression SysTem (BEST) to Produce and Deliver Interleukin-10 in .

In the last years there has been a growing interest in the use of genetically modified bacteria to deliver molecules of therapeutic interest at mucosal surfaces. Due to the well-recognized probiotic properties of some strains, bifidobacteria represent excellent candidates for the development of live vehicles to produce and deliver heterologous proteins at mucosal surfaces. However, very few studies have considered this genus because of its complexity to be genetically manipulated.

Cwp19 Is a Novel Lytic Transglycosylase Involved in Stationary-Phase Autolysis Resulting in Toxin Release in .

is the major etiologic agent of antibiotic-associated intestinal disease. Pathogenesis of is mainly attributed to the production and secretion of toxins A and B. Unlike most clostridial toxins, toxins A and B have no signal peptide, and they are therefore secreted by unusual mechanisms involving the holin-like TcdE protein and/or autolysis.

[Microbiota establishment: an in utero colonization decisive for future health?].

Some diseases seem to have a developmental origin. Today, the microbiota is recognized as a determinant in health and diseases and one important step is its establishment in the neonate. Some variations in its composition including an imbalance (also called dysbiosis) have been associated to several pathologies.

Clostridial Strain-Specific Characteristics Associated with Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

We aimed at identifying potential bacterial factors linking clostridia with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We compared the phenotypic traits, stress responses, cellular cytotoxicity, and inflammatory capabilities of the largest collection of and strains isolated from fecal samples of NEC preterm neonates (PN) and control PNs. When strain characteristics were used as explanatory variables, a statistical discriminant analysis allowed the separation of NEC and control strains into separate groups.

Head injury profoundly affects gut microbiota homeostasis: Results of a pilot study.

Objectives: Head injury (HI) induces a hypercatabolic state, dysimmunity, and septic complications that increase morbidity and mortality. Although compromised immune function is usually incriminated in infection occurrence, gut dysbiosis could also be involved in this phenomenon and, to our knowledge, has never been considered. To assess if HI could affect microbiota, we explored the impact of HI on intestinal microbiota in a rodent model of fluid percussion.

Preterm infants with necrotising enterocolitis demonstrate an unbalanced gut microbiota.

Aim: This Lebanese study tested the hypothesis that differences would exist in the gut microbiota of preterm infants with and without necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), as reported in Western countries.

Methods: This study compared 11 infants with NEC and 11 controls, all born at 27-35 weeks, in three neonatal intensive care units between January 2013 and March 2015. Faecal samples were collected at key time points, and microbiota was analysed by culture, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and temperature temporal gel electrophoresis (TTGE).

Nutritional strategies and gut microbiota composition as risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in very-preterm infants.

The pathophysiology of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains poorly understood. We assessed the relation between feeding strategies, intestinal microbiota composition, and the development of NEC. We performed a prospective nationwide population-based study, EPIPAGE 2 (Etude Epidémiologique sur les Petits Ages Gestationnels), including preterm infants born at <32 wk of gestation in France in 2011.

Establishment and development of the intestinal microbiota of preterm infants in a Lebanese tertiary hospital.

The establishment and development of the intestinal microbiota is known to be associated with profound short- and long-term effects on the health of full-term infants (FTI), but studies are just starting for preterm infants (PTI). The data also mostly come from western countries and little information is available for the Middle East. Here, we determined the composition and dynamics of the intestinal microbiota during the first month of life for PTI (n = 66) and FTI (n = 17) in Lebanon.

Mutation in the L3 Ribosomal Protein Could Be Associated with Risk of Selection of High-Level Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains.

Linezolid (LZD) has arisen as an alternative treatment in diabetic foot osteitis due to staphylococci. LZD resistance selection is difficult and involved various molecular mechanisms. As a better knowledge of those mechanisms could be beneficial for pathogenic strains' screening, we simulated in vitro the spontaneous mutagenesis process that leads to LZD-resistant strains from two Staphylococcus epidermidis strains responsible for monomicrobial diabetic foot osteitis.

Evaluation of a new concept of immune-enhancing diet in a model of head-injured rat with infectious complications: A proof of concept study.

Immune-enhancing diet (IED) utilization in critically ill septic patients is still debated. A new concept of IED has been proposed combining extra glutamine sequentially with either antioxidants or other amino acids, in order to match patient requirements according to their response to injury. We evaluated whether this new IED elicits a more favorable response to stress when compared with two existing IEDs both enriched in arginine but with different levels of anti-oxidants, in a validated rat model combining head injury (HI) and infectious complications.