Non-infective left ventricular lead complications requiring re-intervention following cardiac resynchronization therapy: prevalence, causes and outcomes.

Purpose: Left ventricular (LV) lead complications in cardiac resynchronization therapy are challenging and poorly reported. We aimed to establish prevalence, causes and outcomes of LV lead complications requiring re-intervention.

Methods: We analysed the rate of complications in 2551 consecutive patients who received a transvenous de novo LV lead as part of a cardiac resynchronization therapy device between 2000 and 2018.

Syncope in paced patients with sick sinus syndrome from the DANPACE trial: incidence, predictors and prognostic implication.

Objectives: Syncope is a cause of significant morbidity in sick sinus syndrome (SSS) which may not be resolved with permanent pacemaker therapy. We aimed to determine the incidence, predictors and prognostic implication of syncope in paced patients with SSS.

Methods: We studied 1415 patients (mean age 72.

Repeated assessment of physical biomeasures or blood biomarkers for the definition of volume status and cardiac loading in LVSD.

The application of biomarker technology can be usefully implemented in areas where current techniques are inadequate and where a clinical issue, which affects outcome, can be defined. The definition of the loading status of the heart where there is pre-existent impairment of contractile function is a key target. Heart failure is a complex clinical presentation with many varied etiologies, but at the essence of its successful management is the reliable definition of cardiac volume loading.