Progeny's mental aptitudes in man: relationship with parental age at conception and with some environmental factors.

Psychometric tests obtained from 6564 young men were studied as a function of the parents' ages at conception and of some characteristics of the subject's postnatal environment. Individual scores, from 0 to 20, were divided into two groups: n(1)11 and n(2)<11. In univariate analysis, scores <11 were respectively related to low height, high number of siblings and junior in birth order, subject's and parents' tobacco consumption, parents' alcohol consumption, subject's and parents' low academic standard, parents' youth or ageing at conception.

In HIV type 1-infected children cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are associated with greater reduction of viremia under antiretroviral therapy.

The evolution of the HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response in patients receiving potent combination therapy has been well documented in adult patients. However, no study reported whether baseline HIV-specific CD8+ T cell response is linked to treatment outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate both the impact of baseline memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) on treatment outcome and the effect of potent therapy on memory HIV-specific CTL in HIV-1-infected pediatric patients.

Cerebral MR imaging in uninfected children born to HIV-seropositive mothers and perinatally exposed to zidovudine.

Background And Purpose: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been reported in HIV-negative children perinatally exposed to zidovudine, a drug often used in HIV-seropositive mothers during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of cerebral MR imaging findings in HIV-uninfected children exposed to zidovudine who present with unexplained neurologic symptoms.

Methods: Two expert groups conducted a systematic, retrospective review of all cerebral MR images available in a multicentric, nationwide French prospective cohort of children born to HIV-seropositive mothers to identify imaging abnormalities.

Early versus deferred antiretroviral multidrug therapy in infants infected with HIV type 1.

Background: The clinical impact of early antiretroviral multidrug therapy on the risk of early-onset severe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease has not been evaluated on a large scale.

Methods: We evaluated the risk of early-onset events associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), particularly the risk of encephalopathy, among infants in the French Perinatal Cohort, according to whether antiretroviral multidrug therapy was initiated before or after the age of 6 months.

Results: Of 83 HIV-infected infants born in 1996 (when HAART became available) or later, 40 received early treatment on or before the age of 6 months, and 43 received deferred multidrug therapy after the age of 6 months.

Characteristics of HIV-infected women who do not receive preventive antiretroviral therapy in the French Perinatal Cohort.

Objective: To determine the percentage and the profile of women with known HIV-1 seropositivity who do not receive the prepartum phase of preventive treatment for maternofetal transmission.

Methods: An observational study was conducted as part of the French Perinatal Cohort, an ongoing nationwide cohort of HIV-infected women and their children (followed from birth). This analysis was restricted to women who were delivered between 1996 and 1999.

Perinatal antiretroviral treatment and hematopoiesis in HIV-uninfected infants.

Background: The perinatal prophylactic administration of zidovudine is associated with rapidly reversible macrocytic anemia in infants. However, a recent study suggests that there may be more persistent inhibition of hematopoïetic stem cells.

Objective: To study hematopoiesis in uninfected infants, born to HIV-1 seropositive mothers, including those exposed and those not exposed to perinatal zidovudine alone or in combination.

Persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-1-exposed but uninfected infants: clinical screening in a large prospective cohort.

Background: Antiretroviral prevention of mother to child HIV-1 is established but tolerance remains to be assessed. AIM To determine the risk for persistent mitochondrial dysfunction in HIV-uninfected children born to seropositive mothers.

Method: An exhaustive study in a large prospective cohort with predetermined algorithm of the unexplained symptoms compatible with mitochondrial dysfunction.

Effects of CCR5-delta32 and CCR2-64I alleles on disease progression of perinatally HIV-1-infected children: an international meta-analysis.

Objective: Among perinatally infected children, the effects of certain alleles of the CCR5 and CCR2 genes on the rate of disease progression remain unclear. We addressed the effects of CCR5-delta32 and CCR2-64I in an international meta-analysis.

Methods: Genotype data were contributed from 10 studies with 1317 HIV-1-infected children (7263 person-years of follow-up).

Inverse correlation between memory Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and viral replication in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.

A previous study showed that, during the first year of life, the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children is associated with a lack of rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The goal of the study was to address the role of CTLs in children who survived after age 5 years. Memory HIV-specific CTLs directed against Env, Gag, Nef, and Pol proteins were measured in a group of 47 highly active antiretroviral therapy-naive HIV-infected children.

Early multitherapy including a protease inhibitor for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected infants.

Background: To assess tolerance and efficacy of early multitherapy including a protease inhibitor for infants perinatally infected with HIV.

Methods: Observational study of tolerance and clinical and immunovirologic evolution in HIV-infected infants treated before the age of 1 year in the French Perinatal Study.

Results: Thirty-one infants were included.