Overminus Lens Therapy for Children 3 to 10 Years of Age With Intermittent Exotropia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: This is the first large-scale randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness and safety of overminus spectacle therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of overminus spectacles to improve distance IXT control.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial conducted at 56 clinical sites between January 2017 and January 2019 associated with the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group enrolled 386 children aged 3 to 10 years with IXT, a mean distance control score of 2 or worse, and a refractive error between 1.

Case Series: Pediatric Herpes Simplex Keratitis.

Significance: Although the clinical appearance of pediatric ocular herpes simplex virus (HSV) is similar in children and adults, there is evidence that stromal disease and recurrences are more common in pediatric patients. Misdiagnosis of these patients is common, and patients can develop corneal scarring and amblyopia.

Purpose: This case series will review important clinical concepts on pediatric ocular HSV including differences in presentation and current treatment recommendations.

An analysis of vision screening data from New York City public schools.

Objective: This study compares different vision screening batteries and documents the failure rates of different vision tests in children who receive periodic vision screenings.

Methods: Vision screenings were conducted on 1,992 preschool through fifth grade children attending schools in lower socioeconomic areas in New York City. The screening battery incorporated visual acuity, retinoscopy, cover test, stereopsis, near point of convergence, ocular motility, accommodation, color vision, and ocular health.

Ptosis and cranial nerve IV palsy reveal juvenile myasthenia gravis.

Background: Ptosis and strabismus are 2 common presenting complaints of preschool-age patients. In both cases, these conditions can be benign and require no further workup. However, sudden onset of these findings can indicate a more serious neurologic problem.

A warfarin-induced subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Background: Patients who are on warfarin therapy may present with a variety of ocular side effects, particularly hemorrhages. These ocular events may be the only indication that the patient is at risk for serious sequelae, including hemorrhagic stoke.

Case Report: A 76-year-old patient, taking warfarin, presented with a subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Blurred vision during airline flight reveals prolactinoma.

Background: Pituitary adenomas can manifest with a variety of endocrinologic signs and symptoms, including amenorrhea, galactorrhea, infertility, and acromegaly. Because of the anatomic location of the pituitary gland, and its proximity to the optic chiasm and cavernous sinuses, pituitary adenomas can also result in decreased visual acuity, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, visual-field loss, and optic atrophy. In general, these tumors are slow-growing.