RSV Vaccination Intention Among People Who Are or Plan to Become Pregnant.

Objectives: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common pediatric infection, with young infants being at the highest risk of hospitalization and long-term sequela. New preventive agents have been recommended to prevent severe RSV illness in infants, including a vaccine administered during pregnancy. The current rates of recommended vaccination in pregnancy are suboptimal.

Parent Awareness of and Attitudes Toward Gender-Affirming Pediatric Health Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Purpose: We aimed to characterize parent attitudes toward gender-affirming healthcare for transgender youth, from a general parent sample in a diverse urban setting.

Methods: We surveyed Chicago parents through the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey via web and phone in English and Spanish from May-July 2022. We used both probability-based and nonprobability-based sampling, with calibration weights for the nonprobability sample.

Childhood Exposure to Firearm Violence in Chicago and Its Impact on Mental Health.

Objective: To describe how often Chicago children are exposed to firearm violence, the types of exposure, and the parent-reported impact of these exposures on child mental health symptoms.

Methods: Data were collected in May-July 2022 using the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey, administered to parents with children aged 2-17 years from all 77 Chicago neighborhoods. Firearm violence exposure was characterized as indirect (hearing gunshots or knowing someone who was shot) or direct (witnessing a shooting, being threatened with a firearm, being shot at but not injured, or being shot and injured).

Parental Attitudes on Social Media Monitoring for Youth: Cross-Sectional Survey Study.

Background: Online environments dominate the daily lives of American youth and pose evolving challenges to their health and well-being. Recent national poll data indicate that social media overuse, internet safety, and online bullying are among parents' top child health concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. While parents are uniquely positioned to help youth navigate social media, their attitudes on monitoring media use may be impacted by a myriad of personal and family factors.

What Parents Are Missing: Parental Knowledge of Adult-Use Cannabis Legislation and Health Effects, and Communication with Adolescents.

The cannabis regulation landscape is ever evolving, and it may be difficult for parents to stay up to date. This study aimed to assess parental knowledge of recent cannabis legislation and cannabis health effects, as well as communication around cannabis use. Data were collected through the 2020 Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey.

Barriers and facilitators to recruitment of underrepresented research participants: Perspectives of clinical research coordinators.

Background: Insufficient recruitment of groups underrepresented in medical research threatens the generalizability of research findings and compounds inequity in research and medicine. In the present study, we examined barriers and facilitators to recruitment of underrepresented research participants from the perspective of clinical research coordinators (CRCs).

Methods: CRCs from one adult and one pediatric academic medical centers completed an online survey in April-May 2022.

Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Care for Children With a Respiratory Complaint.

Objectives: To evaluate caregiver opinions on the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted medical decision-making for children with a respiratory complaint in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We surveyed a sample of caregivers of children presenting to a pediatric ED with a respiratory complaint. We assessed caregiver opinions with respect to AI, defined as "specialized computer programs" that "help make decisions about the best way to care for children.

Targeted Vaccine Messaging to Promote COVID-19 Vaccines for Children and Youth.

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of distinct message types in promoting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination intentions for parents of children and adolescents.

Methods: We collected data through the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey from October to November 2021. Parents were randomly assigned to read 1 of 4 vaccine message types and then report their intentions to vaccinate each COVID-19-unvaccinated child (0-17 years) in their household (n = 1453).

Parental Concerns About Climate Change in a Major United States City.

Objective: To examine climate change concerns among parents in Chicago, a large and diverse urban setting that experiences climate change-related weather events and rising water levels which have the potential to affect more than 1 million children living in the city.

Methods: We collected data through the Voices of Child Health in Chicago Parent Panel Survey from May to July 2021. Parents indicated their personal level of worry about climate change, concern about the impact of climate change on themselves and their families, and how well they understood the issue of climate change.

Examining Access to Digital Technology by Race and Ethnicity and Child Health Status Among Chicago Families.

This cross-sectional study characterizes the type and quality of digital access among racially and ethnically as well as socioeconomically diverse households with children in Chicago.

Retrospective national cohort study of pregnancy outcomes for women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Republic of Ireland.

Aim: Report the outcomes of pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and to identify modifiable and non-modifiable factors associated with poor outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of pregnancy preparedness, pregnancy care and outcomes in the Republic of Ireland from 2015 to 2020 and subsequent multivariate analysis.

Results: In total 1104 pregnancies were included.

Parental Perceptions on Use of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Acute Care.

Background: Family engagement is critical in the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI)-based clinical decision support tools, which will play an increasing role in health care in the future. We sought to understand parental perceptions of computer-assisted health care of children in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: We conducted a population-weighted household panel survey of parents with minor children in their home in a large US city to evaluate perceptions of the use of computer programs for the care of children with respiratory illness.

Are adult attachment styles categorical or dimensional? A taxometric analysis of general and relationship-specific attachment orientations.

One of the long-standing debates in the study of adult attachment is whether individual differences are best captured using categorical or continuous models. Although early research suggested that continuous models might be most appropriate, we revisit this issue here because (a) categorical models continue to be widely used in the empirical literature, (b) contemporary models of individual differences raise new questions about the structure of attachment, and (c) methods for addressing the types versus dimensions question have become more sophisticated over time. Analyses based on 2 samples indicate that individual differences appear more consistent with a dimensional rather than a categorical model.

Attachment and parental divorce: a test of the diffusion and sensitive period hypotheses.

One of the assumptions of attachment theory is that disruptions in parental relationships are prospectively related to insecure attachment patterns in adulthood. The majority of research that has evaluated this hypothesis, however, has been based on retrospective reports of the quality of relationships with parents-research that is subject to retrospective biases. In the present research, the authors examined the impact of parental divorce-an event that can be assessed relatively objectively-on attachment patterns in adulthood across two samples.

Recruitment strategy cost and impact on minority accrual to a breast cancer prevention trial.

Background: Recruitment of minorities to cancer prevention trials is difficult and costly. Early-phase cancer prevention trials have fewer resources to promote recruitment. Identifying cost-effective strategies that can replace or supplement traditional recruitment methods and improve minority accrual to small, early-phase cancer prevention trials are of critical importance.

The Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures questionnaire: a method for assessing attachment orientations across relationships.

Most research on adult attachment is based on the assumption that working models are relatively general and trait-like. Recent research, however, suggests that people develop attachment representations that are relationship-specific, leading people to hold distinct working models in different relationships. The authors report a measure, the Relationship Structures questionnaire of the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-RS; R.