Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma in childhood arising within a congenital melanocytic nevus.

Background: Malignant melanoma in childhood is infrequent and can arise within congenital melanocytic nevi. Spread of malignant melanoma to the bone marrow, especially in children, is extremely rare.

Methods And Results: Reported is a case of a 5-year-old boy with a congenital large melanocytic nevus of the head and neck who presented with a short history of low back and leg pain, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy.

Acute pancreatitis as the first manifestation of duodenal MALT lymphoma.

Background: Possibly any tumor that can cause mechanical obstruction of the distal bile duct can induce acute pancreatitis. However, acute pancreatitis as the first clinical manifestation of duodenal lymphoma is extremely rare.

Objective: To report the case of a patient with acute pancreatitis as an extremely rare first manifestation of duodenal MALT lymphoma and possible association with erythema nodosum.

Brain metastases of parathyroid carcinoma: Review of the literature and a case report.

Background: Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare tumor typically presenting with marked elevations of serum calcium concentrations and associated renal and skeletal symptoms. Parathyroid carcinoma grows slowly, but may recur in regional lymph nodes, and, in about 25% of patients, metastasizes to the lungs.

Method: Description of a new case and review of the literature.

Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour of the sinonasal area: case report and review of the literature.

Background: Oncogenous osteomalacia (OOM), which is also known as tumour-induced osteomalacia, is a rare condition associated with a neoplasm and a related systemic bone demineralization caused by renal phosphate wasting. OOM usually occurs in association with a variety of different mesenchymal tumours, and they were categorized into four distinct morphological patterns which they termed "phosphaturic mesenchymal tumour". Of its 4 histopathological subtypes, the mixed connective tissue variant is most commonly observed.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands, containing the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion gene: a hitherto undescribed salivary gland tumor entity.

We present a series of 16 salivary gland tumors with histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features reminiscent of secretory carcinoma of the breast. This is a hitherto undescribed and distinctive salivary gland neoplasm, with features resembling both salivary acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) and low-grade cystadenocarcinoma, and displaying strong similarities to breast secretory carcinoma. Microscopically, the tumors have a lobulated growth pattern and are composed of microcystic and glandular spaces with abundant eosinophilic homogenous or bubbly secretory material positive for periodic acid-Schiff, mucicarmine, MUC1, MUC4, and mammaglobin.

Acinic cell carcinoma with high-grade transformation: a report of 9 cases with immunohistochemical study and analysis of TP53 and HER-2/neu genes.

High-grade transformation of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) (previously referred to as dedifferentiation) is a rare phenomenon characterized by histologic progression of low-grade AciCC to high-grade adenocarcinoma or undifferentiated carcinoma. We report 9 new cases with immunohistochemical analysis and examination of HER-2/neu and p53 genes to further define the profile of this tumor. Histologically, the high-grade component was composed of polymorphic cells with a high mitotic rate arranged in glandular and solid growth patterns with comedonecrosis.

Fetal enterolithiasis: prenatal sonographic and MRI diagnosis in two cases of urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence.

Objectives: Enterolithiasis (multiple calcifications of intraluminal meconium) is a rare, prenatal ultrasonographic finding. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the prenatal diagnostic features and discuss the management of the patients.

Methods: The data of two cases of prenatally diagnosed fetal enterolithiasis were collected from ultrasound scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neonatal or postnatal autopsy records.

Immunohistochemical analysis of the biological potential of odontogenic keratocysts.

Background: The aim of this study was to analyse the usefulness of detecting important apoptosis and proliferation markers in assessing the biological potential of odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) and thus selecting the optimal diagnostic algorithm for these lesions.

Methods: Indirect immunohistochemistry and relevant statistical methods were used for analysis of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded samples from 98 patients.

Results: Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) keratocysts were characterized by higher expression of Bcl-2, p27Kip1 and c-erbB-2 as well as by lower proliferative activity measured by Ki-67 in basal cell epithelium and by a lower inflammatory response in comparison with sporadic keratocysts.

Refined quantitative fluorescent PCR of Y-chromosome DNA sequences mosaics in Turner's syndrome patients--alternative to real-time PCR.

Background: Real-time polymerase chain reactions (PCRs) are the most frequently used techniques for gonosomal mosaics quantification. The primary aim of this work is to assess and optimize the refined technique of quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (RQF PCR) in the quantification of Y-chromosome sequences in gonosomal mosaics. The method was applied to the analysis of Y-chromosome sequences (amelogenin gene, AMELX/Y-loci) in peripheral lymphocytes and gonadal tissues in Y-positive Turner's syndrome (TS) patients.