Solidarity during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a nine-country interview study in Europe.

Calls for solidarity have been an ubiquitous feature in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we know little about how people have thought of and practised solidarity in their everyday lives since the beginning of the pandemic. What role does solidarity play in people's lives, how does it relate to COVID-19 public health measures and how has it changed in different phases of the pandemic? Situated within the medical humanities at the intersection of philosophy, bioethics, social sciences and policy studies, this article explores how the practice-based understanding of solidarity formulated by Prainsack and Buyx helps shed light on these questions.

Corrigendum: Translating planetary health principles into sustainable primary care services.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.

Translating Planetary Health Principles Into Sustainable Primary Care Services.

Global anthropogenic environmental degradations such as climate change are increasingly recognized as critical public health issues, on which human beings should urgently act in order to preserve sustainable conditions of living on Earth. "Planetary Health" is a breakthrough concept and emerging research field based on the recognition of the interdependent relationships between living organisms-both human and non-human-and their ecosystems. In that regards, there have been numerous calls by healthcare professionals for a greater recognition and adoption of Planetary Health perspective.

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This contribution presents the dynamics generated by the COVID-19 pandemic since March 2020 in the humanities and social sciences (SHS) in France. It first describes the main elements of the individual and institutional involvement that give this dynamic the characteristics of an "extra-ordinary" mobilization. Based on a collective research report, it goes on presenting the research themes and issues, as well as the methodological and epistemological reflections put forward by the SHS on the subject of the pandemic and its management.

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This paper intends to explore the ethical dimension of end-of-life situations and to shed light on its implications for public health policy. This exploration is based on a contextualized philosophical approach, here in the French context. First, it resituates how the end of life first became an object of public discussion and then of legislation.

The ethics of genomic medicine: redefining values and norms in the UK and France.

This paper presents a joint position of the UK-France Genomics and Ethics Network (UK-FR GENE), which has been set up to reflect on the ethical and social issues arising from the integration of genomics into routine clinical care in the UK and France. In 2018, the two countries announced enhanced cooperation between their national strategies, Genomics England and Plan France Médecine Génomique 2025, which offers a unique opportunity to study the impact of genomic medicine and relevant policies in different national contexts. The paper provides first insights into the two national strategies and the norms, values and principles at stake in each country.

[Ethical and social consequences of biomarkers that predict impending death in humans].

Fundamental research on ageing has taken an interesting turn in recent years with the rapid development of biomarkers predicting mortality in model organisms, particularly Drosophila, as well as in humans through improvements in approaches to the identification of circulating molecules in mass. These developments lead to a shift in our ability to predict the occurrence of death from the historically population level to the individual level. We question here the ethical, medical and social implications of this change of scale.

Ethical and social implications of approaching death prediction in humans - when the biology of ageing meets existential issues.

Background: The discovery of biomarkers of ageing has led to the development of predictors of impending natural death and has paved the way for personalised estimation of the risk of death in the general population. This study intends to identify the ethical resources available to approach the idea of a long-lasting dying process and consider the perspective of death prediction. The reflection on human mortality is necessary but not sufficient to face this issue.

"Patient's lived experience" : New insights from the "scene" of deep-brain stimulation medical care.

This editorial presents a special issue gathering four contributions about the patient's lived experience in the context of deep-brain stimulation. It aims at clarifying the meaning of such an experience and its scope for medical practice, the health system and its legal frame.

The role of 'accompagnement' in the end-of-life debate in France: from solidarity to autonomy.

This article traces the way autonomy has become a recognised value in health care in France. In a country that based its social fundamentals on the very idea of solidarity for many years, autonomy has long been considered a foreign 'Anglo-American principle'. Taking the example of the end-of-life debate, the article shows, however, how the use of the French term 'accompagnement' allowed autonomy to be redefined and to be associated with the concept of solidarity.

On prenatal diagnosis and the decision to continue or terminate a pregnancy in France: a clinical ethics study of unknown moral territories.

This article presents a part of the results of an empirical study conducted at a Parisian hospital between 2011 and 2014. It aimed at understanding the women and couples' motivations to terminate or not a pregnancy once a prenatal diagnosis has revealed a genetically related disease in the embryo or fetus. The article first presents the social and legal context of the study, the methodology used and the pathologies that were encountered.

[Reproductive medicine and the « desire for a child »: from normative judgment to conceptual analysis].

Reproductive medicine is widely discussed today in France, far beyond the borders of medical community. It is a topic of public controversy. The notion of "desire for a child" is very frequently referred to in this debate.

Prenatal diagnosis as a tool and support for eugenics: myth or reality in contemporary French society?

Today, French public debate and bioethics research reflect an ongoing controversy about eugenics. The field of reproductive medicine is often targeted as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), prenatal diagnosis, and prenatal detection are accused of drifting towards eugenics or being driven by eugenics considerations. This article aims at understanding why the charge against eugenics came at the forefront of the ethical debate.