Perception of visual outcomes in patients after delayed compared with immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate patient-reported visual outcomes of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) compared with delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS).

Setting: Tertiary university teaching hospital of Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.

Design: Prospective observational cohort study.

Intraocular methotrexate for epithelial downgrowth: long-term outcomes in a multicentre case series.

Background/aims: Sheet-like type of epithelial downgrowth (EDG) is not easily amenable to surgical excision. We describe long-term outcomes in patients with EDG treated with intraocular methotrexate (MTX).

Methods: This is a retrospective, multicentric case series including 10 eyes (nine patients) treated with intraocular MTX for sheet-like EDG.

Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery: an academic teaching center's experience.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) at a Canadian academic teaching center.

Setting: Tertiary university teaching hospital of Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Conjunctival Infiltration in a Child as a Rare Manifestation of IgG4-Related Disease.

Purpose: Ocular manifestations of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease are common in children although remain ill-defined because of the disease's rarity. We describe a pediatric case of IgG4-related orbital disease (IgG4-ROD) who presented with persistent conjunctival infiltration before developing lacrimal gland enlargement 3 years later.

Methods: This was a case report.

A novel diindolylmethane analog, 1,1-bis(3'-indolyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl) methane, inhibits the tumor necrosis factor-induced inflammatory response in primary murine synovial fibroblasts through a Nurr1-dependent mechanism.

The progression of rheumatoid arthritis involves the thickening of the synovial lining due to the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in progression of the disease. Under rheumatoid conditions, FLS express the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-recognition complex (TNFR1, TNFR2, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1), which induces local macrophage activation and leads to downstream nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling.

Microglia amplify inflammatory activation of astrocytes in manganese neurotoxicity.

Background: As the primary immune response cell in the central nervous system, microglia constantly monitor the microenvironment and respond rapidly to stress, infection, and injury, making them important modulators of neuroinflammatory responses. In diseases such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus-induced dementia, activation of microglia precedes astrogliosis and overt neuronal loss. Although microgliosis is implicated in manganese (Mn) neurotoxicity, the role of microglia and glial crosstalk in Mn-induced neurodegeneration is poorly understood.

Immune Modulation as an Effective Adjunct Post-exposure Therapeutic for B. pseudomallei.

Melioidosis is caused by the facultative intracellular bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei and is potentially fatal. Despite a growing global burden and high fatality rate, little is known about the disease. Recent studies demonstrate that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition is an effective post-exposure therapeutic for pulmonary melioidosis, which works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).

Significance of ERα, HER2, and CAV1 expression and molecular subtype classification to canine mammary gland tumor.

Canine mammary gland tumor (CMT) and human breast cancer (HBC) share many similarities regarding their risk factors, histological features, and behavior. Despite the increasing evidence of molecular marker expression as a prognostic indicator for HBC, few studies have applied this approach to CMT. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the significance of the expression of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and caveolin-1 (CAV1) to the behavior and the clinical outcome of CMT.

Intacs with or without same-day corneal collagen cross-linking to treat corneal ectasia.

Objective: To compare combined intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation with same-day ultraviolet-A/riboflavin corneal collagen cross-linking (ICRS-CXL) versus ICRS implantation alone in patients with corneal ectasia.

Design: Retrospective comparative study.

Participants: Sixty-six eyes from 54 patients with corneal ectasia were included in the study.

Corneal collagen cross-linking using riboflavin and ultraviolet A for the treatment of mild to moderate keratoconus: 2-year follow-up.

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of corneal ultraviolet A/riboflavin collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with mild-to-moderate keratoconus.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Thirty-nine eyes from 30 patients who underwent CXL for progressive mild and moderate keratoconus were included.

Gene deletion of nos2 protects against manganese-induced neurological dysfunction in juvenile mice.

The mechanisms underlying cognitive and neurobehavioral abnormalities associated with childhood exposure to manganese (Mn) are not well understood but may be influenced by neuroinflammatory activation of microglia and astrocytes that results in nitrosative stress due to expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2). We therefore postulated that gene deletion of NOS2 would protect against the neurotoxic effects of Mn in vivo and in vitro. Juvenile NOS2 knockout (NOS2(-/-)) mice were orally exposed to 50 mg/kg of MnCl₂ by intragastric gavage from days 21 to 34 postnatal.

Intracorneal ring segments implantation followed by same-day photorefractive keratectomy and corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of intrastromal corneal ring segments implantation followed by same-day photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and ultraviolet-A/riboflavin collagen cross-linking (CXL) in patients with keratoconus.

Methods: Four patients (five eyes) were included in the study. All patients first underwent femtosecond laser-enabled placement of intracorneal ring segments (Intacs, Addition Technology).

Prenatal dexamethasone exposure potentiates diet-induced hepatosteatosis and decreases plasma IGF-I in a sex-specific fashion.

The clinical use of synthetic glucocorticoids in preterm infants to promote lung development has received considerable attention due to the potential for increased risk of developing metabolic disease in adulthood after such treatment. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that exposure to the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX), during late gestation in the rat results in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adult offspring. Pregnant Sprague Dawley dams were treated with 0.

Cellular and phenotypic characterization of canine osteosarcoma cell lines.

Canine and human osteosarcoma (OSA) have many similarities, with the majority of reported cases occurring in the appendicular skeleton, gender predominance noted, high rate of metastasis at the time of presentation, and a lack of known etiology for this devastating disease. Due to poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying OSA, we have characterized seven different OSA canine cell lines: Abrams, D17, Grey, Hughes, Ingles, Jarques, and Marisco and compared them to U2, a human OSA cell line, for the following parameters: morphology, growth, contact inhibition, migrational tendencies, alkaline phosphatase staining, heterologous tumor growth, double-strand DNA breaks, and oxidative damage. All results demonstrated the positive characteristics of the Abrams cell line for use in future studies of OSA.

Proteomic analysis of diaminochlorotriazine (DACT) adducts in three brain regions of Wistar rats.

Atrazine (ATRA) is the most commonly applied herbicide in the United States and is detected frequently in drinking water at significant levels. Following oral exposure, metabolism of ATRA generates diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), an electrophilic molecule capable of forming covalent protein adducts. At high doses, both ATRA and DACT can disrupt the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge in rats, thereby altering normal reproductive function.

Developmental exposure to manganese increases adult susceptibility to inflammatory activation of glia and neuronal protein nitration.

Chronic exposure to manganese (Mn) produces a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the basal ganglia characterized by reactive gliosis and expression of neuroinflammatory genes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2). Induction of NOS2 in glial cells causes overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and injury to neurons that is associated with parkinsonian-like motor deficits. Inflammatory activation of glia is believed to be an early event in Mn neurotoxicity, but specific responses of microglia and astrocytes to Mn during development remain poorly understood.

Atrazine inhibits pulsatile luteinizing hormone release without altering pituitary sensitivity to a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor agonist in female Wistar rats.

Atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-tri-azine] is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. Atrazine has been shown to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) release and can lead to a prolongation of the estrous cycle in the rat. The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of atrazine on normal tonic release of LH and to elucidate the site of action of atrazine in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.

Analysis of targeted mutation in DJ-1 on cellular function in primary astrocytes.

DJ-1 mutation induces early-onset Parkinson's disease, and conversely over-expression of DJ-1 is associated with cancer in numerous tissues. A gene-trap screening library conducted in embryonic stem cells was utilized for generation of a DJ-1 mutant mouse. Real-time PCR and immunoblotting were utilized to confirm functional mutation of the DJ-1 gene.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome in a postpartum mare concurrent with encephalopathy in the neonatal foal.

A postpartum mare and foal were presented for evaluation of fever and lethargy in the mare. The mare was diagnosed with endometritis and initially responded well to treatment. On the second day of hospitalization, the mare developed renal insufficiency characterized by oliguria, azotemia, hemolysis, and thrombocytopenia.

Microvessel loss, vascular damage and glutamate redistribution in the retinas of dogs with primary glaucoma.

Objective: Vascular damage and ischemia-like changes in glutamate distribution occur in primary glaucoma (PG) in dogs. We measured the microvessel density in PG retinas to determine whether microvessel loss may induce ischemia and glutamate redistribution.

Animals Studied: Sections from 12 control and 33 glaucomatous dog retinas.

Development of an immunochemical detection method for atrazine-induced albumin adducts.

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine) is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. Exposures in rodent models have led to a host of biological effects, most notably the suppression of luteinizing hormone surge. Previously, we have reported that diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), an atrazine metabolite, forms a covalent adduct with rat hemoglobin at Cys-125.