Genomes of Aegilops umbellulata provide new insights into unique structural variations and genetic diversity in the U-genome for wheat improvement.

Aegilops umbellulata serve as an important reservoir for novel biotic and abiotic stress tolerance for wheat improvement. However, chromosomal rearrangements and evolutionary trajectory of this species remain to be elucidated. Here, we present a comprehensive investigation into Ae.

QTL mapping of seedling and field resistance to stem rust in DAKIYE/Reichenbachii durum wheat population.

Stem rust caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici Eriks.

Genomic Analysis and Delineation of the Tan Spot Susceptibility Locus in Wheat.

The necrotrophic fungal pathogen () causes the foliar disease tan spot in both bread wheat and durum wheat. Wheat lines carrying the tan spot susceptibility gene are sensitive to the -produced necrotrophic effector (NE) Ptr ToxC. A compatible interaction results in leaf chlorosis, reducing yield by decreasing the photosynthetic area of leaves.

Genome-wide association mapping of seedling and adult plant response to stem rust in a durum wheat panel.

Many of the major stem rust resistance genes deployed in commercial wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars and breeding lines become ineffective over time because of the continuous emergence of virulent races. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted using 26,439 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and 280 durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L.

Genome-wide association analysis unveils novel QTLs for seminal root system architecture traits in Ethiopian durum wheat.

Background: Genetic improvement of root system architecture is essential to improve water and nutrient use efficiency of crops or to boost their productivity under stress or non-optimal soil conditions. One hundred ninety-two Ethiopian durum wheat accessions comprising 167 historical landraces and 25 modern cultivars were assembled for GWAS analysis to identify QTLs for root system architecture (RSA) traits and genotyped with a high-density 90 K wheat SNP array by Illumina.

Results: Using a non-roll, paper-based root phenotyping platform, a total of 2880 seedlings and 14,947 seminal roots were measured at the three-leaf stage to collect data for total root length (TRL), total root number (TRN), root growth angle (RGA), average root length (ARL), bulk root dry weight (RDW), individual root dry weight (IRW), bulk shoot dry weight (SDW), presence of six seminal roots per seedling (RT6) and root shoot ratio (RSR).

A scoping review of adoption of climate-resilient crops by small-scale producers in low- and middle-income countries.

Climate-resilient crops and crop varieties have been recommended as a way for farmers to cope with or adapt to climate change, but despite the apparent benefits, rates of adoption by smallholder farmers are highly variable. Here we present a scoping review, using PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols), examining the conditions that have led to the adoption of climate-resilient crops over the past 30 years in lower- and middle-income countries. The descriptive analysis performed on 202 papers shows that small-scale producers adopted climate-resilient crops and varieties to cope with abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, flooding and salinity.

Genotyping-by-Sequencing for the Study of Genetic Diversity in .

Leaf rust, caused by Erikss., is globally the most widespread rust of wheat. Populations of are highly diverse for virulence, with many different races found annually.

Mapping a Resistance Gene to f. sp. in the Bread Wheat Cultivar 'Matlabas'.

f. sp. race TTKSF+ was collected from the South African wheat cultivar 'Matlabas' in 2010.

Dissection of the multigenic wheat stem rust resistance present in the Montenegrin spring wheat accession PI 362698.

Background: Research to identify and characterize stem rust resistance genes in common wheat, Triticum aestivum, has been stimulated by the emergence of Ug99-lineage races of the wheat stem rust pathogen, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), in Eastern Africa.

Inheritance and Bulked Segregant Analysis of Leaf Rust and Stem Rust Resistance in Durum Wheat Genotypes.

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina, and stem rust, caused by P. graminis f. sp.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity and Host Resistance to Stem Rust in USDA NSGC Durum Wheat Accessions.

The USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection (NSGC) maintains germplasm representing global diversity of small grains and their wild relatives. To evaluate the utility of the NSGC durum wheat ( L. ssp.

Inverse gene-for-gene interactions contribute additively to tan spot susceptibility in wheat.

Tan spot susceptibility is conferred by multiple interactions of necrotrophic effector and host sensitivity genes. Tan spot of wheat, caused by Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, is an important disease in almost all wheat-growing areas of the world. The disease system is known to involve at least three fungal-produced necrotrophic effectors (NEs) that interact with the corresponding host sensitivity (S) genes in an inverse gene-for-gene manner to induce disease.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping of Leaf Rust Response in a Durum Wheat Worldwide Germplasm Collection.

Leaf rust (caused by Erikss. []) is increasingly impacting durum wheat ( L. var.

Rapid protocol for visualization of rust fungi structures using fluorochrome Uvitex 2B.

Background: Histological examination using fluorochromes is one of the standard methods for observation of microorganisms in tissues and other compartments. In the study of fungi, especially those that cannot be cultured in axenic media such as biotrophic fungi, histological examination of processes associated with the fungal growth, differentiation, infection and other cellular functions can lead to the better understanding of host-parasite interactions. Fluorescence microscopy coupled with Fluorochrome Uvitex 2B have been extensively utilized to study rust fungi structures and host-pathogen interactions.

Phenotypic Diversity of Puccinia helianthi (Sunflower Rust) in the United States from 2011 and 2012.

Puccinia helianthi, causal agent of sunflower rust, is a macrocyclic and autoecious pathogen. Widespread sexual reproduction of P. helianthi was documented in North Dakota and Nebraska for the first time in 2008 and has since frequently occurred.

Genome-Wide Association Mapping for Resistance to Leaf and Stripe Rust in Winter-Habit Hexaploid Wheat Landraces.

Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina (Pt), and stripe rust, caused by P. striiformis f. sp.

Uromyces appendiculatus in Honduras: Pathogen Diversity and Host Resistance Screening.

Bean rust, caused by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is a major constraint for common bean production worldwide. Virulence of U. appendiculatus collected from wild and cultivated Phaseolus spp.