Glycosaminoglycan Adenogenesis Factors: Immunohistochemical Expression in Endometriosis Tissues Compared with the Endometrium.

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory pathology estrogen-dependent. It is a condition affecting 5%-10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. Recent evidence indicating an embryological origin of endometriosis has provided new insights into its pathogenesis and potential therapeutic approaches.

Epigenetics, Microbiome and Personalized Medicine: Focus on Kidney Disease.

Personalized medicine, which involves modifying treatment strategies/drug dosages based on massive laboratory/imaging data, faces large statistical and study design problems. The authors believe that the use of continuous multidimensional data, such as those regarding gut microbiota, or binary multidimensional systems properly transformed into a continuous variable, such as the epigenetic clock, offer an advantageous scenario for the design of trials of personalized medicine. We will discuss examples focusing on kidney diseases, specifically on IgA nephropathy.

TGF-β Modulated Pathways in Colorectal Cancer: New Potential Therapeutic Opportunities.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with 20% of patients presenting with metastatic disease at diagnosis. TGF-β signaling plays a crucial role in various cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), regulation of the extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and immune responses. TGF-β signals through SMAD proteins, which are intracellular molecules that transmit TGF-β signals from the cell membrane to the nucleus.

Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for the Management of Infection.

The infection caused by represents one of the bacterial infections with the greatest increase in incidence among nosocomial infections in recent years. is a Gram-positive bacterium able to produce toxins and spores. In some cases, infection results in severe diarrhoea and fulminant colitis, which cause prolonged hospitalisation and can be fatal, with repercussions also in terms of health economics.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Gonorrhea.

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health emergency. The World Health Organization recently highlighted the growing number of new sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea, syphilis, and Chlamydia, which are resistant to common antibiotics. The phenomenon is also on the rise due to increasing intercontinental travel.

The Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance in Cystic Fibrosis.

The phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical global health challenge, with prospects indicating its potential to become the leading cause of death worldwide in the coming years. Individuals with pre-existing conditions, such as neoplastic disease undergoing chemotherapy, those on immunosuppressive therapy, and individuals with rare diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF), face heightened challenges due to AMR. CF is a rare disease caused by a deficiency in the synthesis of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) channel protein, resulting in multi-organ clinical symptoms, particularly in the respiratory system.

COVID-19 Pandemic: Therapeutic Strategies and Vaccines.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus, has spurred an impressive accumulation of knowledge [...

Therapeutic and Unconventional Strategies to Contrast Antimicrobial Resistance: A Literature Review.

The fast emergence and spread of drug-resistant infectious pathogens and the resulting increase in associated and attributable deaths is a major health challenge globally. Misuse of antibiotics, insufficient infection prevention and control (IPC) in hospitals, food, animal feed, and environmental contamination due to drug-resistant microbes and genes have been the main drivers for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). AMR can lead to ineffective drug treatment, persistence of infection, and risk of severe disease especially in frail, immunocompromised, elderly patients.

Health Effects of Natural Antioxidants.

Free radicals are produced during metabolic processes in the human body and can lead to oxidative stress, cellular aging, and the development of various diseases [...

An ELISA Test Able to Predict the Development of Oral Cancer: The Significance of the Interplay between Steroid Receptors and the EGF Receptor for Early Diagnosis.

Oral disorders including non-homogeneous leukoplakia, erythroplakia, erosive lichen planus, and many others can potentially progress to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Currently, the late diagnosis of OSCC contributes to high mortality rates, emphasizing the need for specific markers and early intervention. In this study, we present a novel, quick, sensitive, and non-invasive method for the early detection and screening of oral cancer, enabling the qualitative assessment of neoplastic forms even before the onset of symptoms.

Omicron variant evolution on vaccines and monoclonal antibodies.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic has caused almost 760 million confirmed cases and 7 million deaths worldwide, as of end-February 2023. Since the beginning of the first COVID-19 case, several virus variants have emerged: Alpha (B1.1.

Antifungal Drug Resistance: An Emergent Health Threat.

Fungal infections, named mycosis, can cause severe invasive and systemic diseases that can even lead to death. In recent years, epidemiological data have recorded an increase in cases of severe fungal infections, caused mainly by a growing number of immunocompromised patients and the emergence of fungal pathogenic forms that are increasingly resistant to antimycotic drug treatments. Consequently, an increase in the incidence of mortality due to fungal infections has also been observed.

Advances in Molecular and Translational Medicine.

Translational medicine is an interdisciplinary field that combines basic research findings with clinical practice to accelerate the development of new diagnostic tools, therapies, and preventive strategies for human diseases [...

Comparative study of the anaesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% mepivacaine in mandibular third molar germectomy using different anaesthetic techniques: a split-mouth clinical trial.

Background: Currently, one of the most discouraging aspects for many patients undergoing dental procedures is the administration of local anaesthesia. Therefore, there is a constant search for new techniques to avoid the invasive and painful nature of the injection. This study aimed to compare the clinical efficacy of local anaesthetics with articaine 4% or mepivacaine 2% (both with epinephrine 1:100.

Long COVID could become a widespread post-pandemic disease? A debate on the organs most affected.

Long COVID is an emerging problem in the current health care scenario. It is a syndrome with common symptoms of shortness of breath, fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, and other conditions that have a high impact on daily life. They are fluctuating or relapsing states that occur in patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection for at least 2 months.

Effects of Vitamin D on the Renin-Angiotensin System and Acute Childhood Pneumonia.

Vitamin D promotes kidney calcium reabsorption and regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism, as well as the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus and bone mineralization events. Vitamin D is also known for its immunomodulatory properties. It has been shown in the literature that the active form of vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, performs multiple functions in the adaptive and innate immune system, as well as acting on the endothelial membrane.

Salivary microRNA profiling dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are the most prevalent neurobiological disorders in children. The etiology comprises genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors such as dysfunction of the immune system. Epigenetic mechanisms are mainly represented by DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs (miRNA).

COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines: A Retrospective Observational Pharmacovigilance Study.

Background And Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused millions of deaths worldwide. The mRNA vaccines prevented the figure from being more severe. The objective of this retrospective study is to evaluate the safety of COVID-19 vaccines by analyzing the adverse events following immunization (AEFIs).

Protective Effect of Resveratrol against Hypoxia-Induced Neural Oxidative Stress.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in brain aging and in neurodegenerative diseases. New therapeutic agents are necessary to cross the blood-brain barrier and target disease pathogenesis without causing disagreeable side effects. Resveratrol (RSV) may act as a neuroprotective compound, but little is known about its potential in improving the cognitive and metabolic aspects that are associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

The Role of Curcumin in Prostate Cancer Cells and Derived Spheroids.

A major challenge in the clinical management of prostate cancer (PC) is to inhibit tumor growth and prevent metastatic spreading. In recent years, considerable efforts have been made to discover new compounds useful for PC therapy, and promising advances in this field were reached. Drugs currently used in PC therapy frequently induce resistance and PC progresses toward metastatic castration-resistant forms (mCRPC), making it virtually incurable.

Pandemic COVID-19, an update of current status and new therapeutic strategies.

The global COVID-19 pandemic is underway. In recent weeks, several countries throughout the globe, and particularly in Europe, have experienced an exponential increase in the number of individuals infected with COVID-19, probably induced by a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, called the "Omicron variant." Mass vaccination against COVID-19 continues worldwide.

Pregnancy and COVID-19, focus on vaccine and pharmacological treatment.

The global pandemic of COVID-19 is currently ongoing. Clinical evidence shows that specific population groups such as the elderly, individuals with comorbidities, and pregnant women may be at increased risk for infection and serious complications. In particular, physiologic changes during pregnancy may be significant on the immune and respiratory systems and progression of COVID-19 disease.