'Compressed Baby Head': A New 'Abusive Head Trauma' Entity?

Background: represents an important issue in the medico-legal and social context. In the last few decades, various aspects and mechanisms have been identified in case studies; however, constant research is needed in the field. With this paper, the authors will present a case of a new entity of that has come to the attention of medico-legal experts.

Lung Ultrasound and Clinical Progression of Acute Bronchiolitis: A Prospective Observational Single-Center Study.

Recent literature suggests that lung ultrasound might have a role in the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis. The aim of the study is to evaluate the relationship between an ultrasound score and the clinical progression of bronchiolitis: need for supplemental oxygen, duration of oxygen therapy and hospital stay. This was a prospective observational single-center study, conducted in a pediatric unit during the 2017-2018 epidemic periods.

Acute Bronchiolitis: Is There a Role for Lung Ultrasound?

Introduction: Viral bronchiolitis is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in the first year of life, considered a health burden because of its morbidity and costs. Its diagnosis is based on history and physical examination and the role of radiographic examination is limited to atypical cases. Thus far, Lung Ultrasound (LUS) is not considered in the diagnostic algorithm for bronchiolitis.

Clonal Spread of a Unique Strain of Macrolide-Resistant Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Within a Single Family in Italy.

Macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MR-MP) is an increasing problem worldwide. This study describes the clonal spread of a unique strain of MR-MP within a single family. On January 23, 2015, nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from the index case (a 9-year-old girl) in southern Italy.

Lung ultrasound: a useful tool in diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis.

Background: Clinical assessment is the gold standard for diagnosis of bronchiolitis. To date, only one study found LUS (Lung Ultrasound) to be a valuable tool in the diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of lung ultrasonography in the diagnosis and management of bronchiolitis in infants.

Paediatric visceral leishmaniasis in Italy: a 'One Health' approach is needed.

Here we describe a case of paediatric visceral leishmaniasis recorded in an infant initially suspected for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia due to the clinical and haematological presentation. Eventually the patient was found positive for Leishmania infantum infection and successfully treated. This case emphasises how pivotal a 'One Health' approach is for diagnosing this zoonotic disease; highlighting the importance of including Visceral Leishmaniasis in the differential diagnosis of leukaemia-like syndromes in infants travelling to, and living in, the Mediterranean region.

Cancer rates after year 2000 significantly decrease in children with perinatal HIV infection: a study by the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on cancer incidence in HIV-infected children throughout a 20-year period.

Patients And Methods: An observational population study was conducted on 1,190 perinatally HIV-infected children enrolled onto the Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children from 1985 to 2004 and never lost to follow-up (total observation time, 10,037.66 years).