Case report: Illustrating associated malignancies in Paget's disease using contrast-enhanced mammography.

Introduction: The following presentation explores the diagnostic potential of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography (CEM) in evaluating and managing Paget's Disease (PD) of the breast, particularly as an alternative or complementary tool to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) in cases where MRI is contraindicated or inconclusive.

Clinical Cases: Two clinical cases of PD diagnosed at our Breast Imaging Division between January and May 2024 were analyzed using CEM. These cases involved imaging techniques, including Digital Mammography (DM), Breast Ultrasound (US), MRI and CEM, alongside histopathological confirmation through nipple-areolar complex (NAC) punch biopsies.

Influence of Breast Density and Menopausal Status on Background Parenchymal Enhancement in Contrast-Enhanced Mammography: Insights from a Retrospective Analysis.

Contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) has recently gained recognition as an effective alternative to breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing breast lesions, offering both morphological and functional imaging capabilities. However, the phenomenon of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) remains a critical consideration, as it can affect the interpretation of images by obscuring or mimicking lesions. While the impact of BPE has been well-documented in MRI, limited data are available regarding the factors influencing BPE in CEM and its relationship with breast cancer (BC) characteristics.

Videodermoscopy as a Diagnostic Tool for Pili Trianguli and Canaliculi Syndrome.

Pili trianguli et canaliculi syndrome is a rare hair shaft disorder characterized by frizzy hair that cannot be smoothed flat. Affected hair shafts are triangular or kidney-shaped with longitudinal grooving. Diagnosis typically requires electron microscopy, which may be cost-prohibitive, or alternatively, the distinctive features of hair shafts can be identified through histological examination of cross sections, that is time-consuming.

The Role and Potential of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis in Neoadjuvant Systemic Therapy Evaluation for Optimising Breast Cancer Management: A Pictorial Essay.

Neoadjuvant Therapy (NT) has become the gold standard for treating locally advanced Breast Cancer (BC). The assessment of pathological response (pR) post-NT plays a crucial role in predicting long-term survival, with Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) currently recognised as the preferred imaging modality for its evaluation. Traditional imaging techniques, such as Digital Mammography (DM) and Ultrasonography (US), encounter difficulties in post-NT assessments due to breast density, lesion changes, fibrosis, and molecular patterns.

Next generation brain health: transforming global research and public health to promote prevention of dementia and reduce its risk in young adult populations.

Efforts to prevent dementia can benefit from precision interventions delivered to the right population at the right time; that is, when the potential to reduce risk is the highest. Young adults (aged 18-39 years) are a neglected population in dementia research and policy making despite being highly exposed to several known modifiable risk factors. The risk and protective factors that have the biggest effect on dementia outcomes in young adulthood, and how these associations differ across regions and groups, still remain unclear.

Diabetic Mastopathy: A Monocentric Study to Explore This Uncommon Breast Disease.

Background: Diabetic Mastopathy (DMP) is an uncommon benign fibro-inflammatory condition that occurs in women with long-standing diabetes mellitus (DM), particularly type 1. It often mimics breast cancer (BC) in clinical and imaging presentations, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Methods: A retrospective monocentric study was conducted, analyzing clinical, radiologic, and pathological data from 28 women diagnosed with DMP over 10 years at the European Institute of Oncology.

Charting Regions of Cobalt's Chemical Space with Maximally Large Magnetic Anisotropy: A Computational High-Throughput Study.

Magnetic anisotropy slows down magnetic relaxation and plays a prominent role in the design of permanent magnets. Coordination compounds of Co(II) in particular exhibit large magnetic anisotropy in the presence of low-coordination environments and have been used as single-molecule magnet prototypes. However, only a limited sampling of cobalt's vast chemical space has been performed, potentially obscuring alternative chemical routes toward large magnetic anisotropy.

Impact of Exogenous on the Gut Microbiome of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Patients Colonized by Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: An Observational Study.

can inhibit the growth of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and modulate the gut microbiome. However, data on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are scarce. In an observational study, we assessed the impact of on the modulation of the gut microbiome in HSCT patients colonized by MDROs.

Chronic inhalation exposure to the herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) alters cardiac collagen in Wistar rats.

Introduction: 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is one of the most used in the world and exposure to herbicides can affect animals and humans, causing toxic effects that include cardiotoxicity. This is the first study to evaluate cardiac remodeling after experimental simulation of environmental exposure by chronic inhalation (6 months) to the herbicide 2,4-D.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were exposed to two different concentrations of the 2,4-D formulation (low - 187.

Biophysical characterization of microRNA mixtures based on Molecular Beacons.

Diverse studies have shown a relationship between dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs), including miRNA-29b and miRNA-9, and several diseases. So, it is hypothesized that miRNAs can be studied as potential agents to be exploited in biomedical applications, due to their ability to take part in gene expression regulation at a post-transcriptional level. Considering the possibility of using miRNAs, it is important to characterize and validate this bioproduct, structurally and functionally.

Exploring non-surgical alternatives for low to intermediate-grade ductal carcinoma of the breast using vacuum-assisted excision: the VACIS protocol.

Background: Surgery is still the standard treatment for breast lesions such as ductal carcinoma (DCIS); however, its survival benefit is minimal, particularly for low-grade DCIS. Surgical complications and related depression status can adversely affect patients' quality of life. Approximately 25% of breast cancer (BC) cases are forms, with DCIS making up 90% of these.

Errors in Radiology: A Standard Review.

Radiological interpretations, while essential, are not infallible and are best understood as expert opinions formed through the evaluation of available evidence. Acknowledging the inherent possibility of error is crucial, as it frames the discussion on improving diagnostic accuracy and patient care. A comprehensive review of error classifications highlights the complexity of diagnostic errors, drawing on recent frameworks to categorize them into perceptual and cognitive errors, among others.

In Vitro and In Vivo Antiurolithic Effect of Betulinic Acid Obtained from .

The study aimed to investigate the potential antiurolithic effects of extracts, fractions, and betulinic acid (BA) from . In vitro analysis involved precipitating calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals in urine. For in vivo studies, rats were divided into four groups: naive; vehicle; potassium citrate (KC); and BA.

Early Toxicity and Efficacy of Four Different Conditioning Regimens for Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients With Lymphoma: Impact of Drug Shortages in a Resource-Constrained Country.

High-dose therapy followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT) remains a viable consolidation strategy for a subset of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) lymphomas. BEAM (carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan) is widely recognized as the predominant conditioning regimen due to its satisfactory efficacy and tolerability. Nevertheless, shortages of carmustine and melphalan have compelled clinicians to explore alternative conditioning regimens.

Perspectives on brain health and dementia prevention in Latin America: challenges and opportunities.

While age-specific dementia prevalence is falling in many countries, several recent reviews estimate prevalence in Latin America to be higher than anywhere else in the world. This may be, in part, due to the high incidence of socioeconomic and health-related risk factors present in the region. However, growing evidence suggests that primary and secondary prevention via modifiable risk factors is possible, and that 40% of cases may be mitigated through interventions which target modifiable risk.

Protective Role of Rosmarinic Acid in Experimental Urolithiasis: Understanding Its Impact on Renal Parameters.

This study aimed to assess the ability of rosmarinic acid (RA) to prevent kidney stone formation in an ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride (EG/AC) model. There was an increase in diuresis in the normotensive (NTRs) and hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and exposed to EG/AC, while RA restored urine volume in NTRs. The EG/AC groups exhibited lower urine pH and electrolyte imbalance; these parameters were not affected by any of the treatments.

Radiologists' Communicative Role in Breast Cancer Patient Management: Beyond Diagnosis.

In the landscape of cancer treatment, particularly in the realm of breast cancer management, effective communication emerges as a pivotal factor influencing patient outcomes. This article delves into the nuanced intricacies of communication skills, specifically spotlighting the strategies embraced by breast radiologists. By examining the ramifications of communication on patient experience, interdisciplinary collaboration, and legal ramifications, this study underscores the paramount importance of empathetic and comprehensive communication approaches.

Exclusion, Violence and the Body: The Case of a Young Man with Disability due to Gunshot Wound.

The present text presents partial results of the research "Young people with disability due to gunshot wounds: an exploratory study from the Memorialistic Narratives", which aimed to problematize the effects of violence and criminality in the juvenile sphere by investigating, beyond the increase in mortality and incarceration rates, the transformation of these young people into people with disabilities, specifically, people in wheelchairs. To achieve this goal, we used as a method the Memorialistic Narratives and worked on the categories of exclusion, violence and a body marked by trauma. We will reflect on the case of Guilherme, a poor, marginalized young man with a disability and a wheelchair user due to a gunshot wound.

Drivers of Variation in Opioid Prescribing after Common Surgical Procedures in a Large Multihospital Healthcare System.

Background: Misuse of prescription opioids is a well-established contributor to the US opioid epidemic. The primary objective of this study was to identify which level of care delivery (ie patient, prescriber, or hospital) produced the most unwarranted variation in opioid prescribing after common surgical procedures.

Study Design: Electronic health record data from a large multihospital healthcare system were used in conjunction with random-effect models to examine variation in opioid prescribing practices after similar inpatient and outpatient surgical procedures between October 2019 and September 2021.

Facilitators and barriers in HIV testing and continuum of care among migrant transgender women who are sex workers residing in Florence, Italy.

Background: An increased risk of contracting HIV infection, suboptimal adherence, and a loss to follow-up have been observed in migrants, particularly if those individuals are transgender or sex workers. A clear picture of the HIV epidemic among migrants is complex due to the lack of specific national data.

Aims: We developed a qualitative study that describes the barriers and facilitators (cultural, social, and personal) in HIV testing and the continuum of care for a group of migrant transgender women who are sex workers.

Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolated from primary endodontic infections.

This study aimed to identify and characterize the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria found in primary endodontic infections in the teeth of patients treated at the Dental Clinic of the University of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. From September to December 2019, samples were obtained from 21 patients with primary endodontic infections. The collections were carried out in triplicate using paper cones placed close to the total length of the root canal.

Characterization of Diclofenac-induced Renal Damage in Normotensive and Hypertensive Rats: A Comparative Analysis.

Background: Diclofenac is the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) mostly prescribed worldwide, but it is highly associated with hypertension and acute kidney injury. Despite that, little information is available about the renal effects of diclofenac in hypertensive individuals, which led us to carry out this comparative study between the renal effects of this NSAID in normotensive (NTR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods: Male Wistar NTR and SHR were orally treated with vehicle (V: 10 mL/kg) or diclofenac sodium (D: 100 mg/kg) once a day for 3 days.