[Mortality in bacterial pneumonia due to pneumococcus].

Introduction: Despite improvements in health care, pneumonia-associated mortality remains high. The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with mortality in bacteremic pneumonia caused by pneumococcus.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study in adult patients with pneumonia diagnosis and isolation of pneumococcus in blood cultures, between January 2012 and May 2021, was carried out.

[Determination of the adenosine deaminase value in pleural tuberculosis].

The determination of adenosine deaminase (ADA) is useful in countries where the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) is high/ moderate. The objective of this study was to analyze the cut-off point for ADA in patients with TB at our institution. All patients with pleural effusion were included, from May 2016 to March 2019, except those with positive serology for HIV and transudates.

Score for Differentiating Pleural Tuberculosis from Malignant Effusion.

Differential diagnosis of lymphocytic pleural effusions between tuberculous (TBE) and malignant (ME) effusion is usually difficult in daily practice. Our aim was to develop a score to differentiate TBE from ME effusions. A cohort of 138 consecutive patients with pleural effusion was prospectively studied from May 2014 through June 2017.

[IgG4-related interstitial lung disease].

IgG4-related disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases that can affect a single organ or manifest as a systemic disease. We present the case of a 55-yearold female, admitted for dry cough, fever, progressive dyspnea and respiratory failure. Chest CT showed areas of diffuse ground glass, reticular pattern and alveolar consolidation.

Usefulness of Adenosine Deaminase Assay in Diagnosis of Patients with HIV Infection and Pleural Tuberculosis.

The utility of the adenosine deaminase (ADA) assay in the diagnosis of patients with pleural tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is controversial. Forty-eight HIV positive patients with pleural effusion were evaluated; ADA assay was obtained in forty-three of them. Twenty-five patients presented diagnosis of TB.

Diffuse cystic lung disease due to pulmonary metastasis of colorectal carcinoma.

The diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs) are a pathophysiologically heterogeneous processes characterized by the presence of multiple thin-walled, air-filled spaces within the pulmonary parenchyma. The most common causes of DCLD are lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH). DCLD develops rarely as a result of malignancy, typically secondary to metastases from peripheral sarcomas and mesenchymal tumors.

[Bronchiolitis obliterans associated with Stevens-Johnson syndrome].

Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a severe disease which is characterized by fever and mucocutaneous lesions. It has also been described as a small airway compromise in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans. We report a 22-year-old male patient with Stevens-Johnson syndrome due to antibiotic and antiepileptic drug treatment for brain abscess.

[Rheumatoid arthritis and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema].

The combination of pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema is a syndrome described in the last years, which has its own characteristics and it is not only the casual association between the two entities. The idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the most common type of pulmonary fibrosis. However other interstitial lung diseases could be part of this syndrome.

Microscopic polyangiitis associated with pulmonary fibrosis.

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis characterised by inflammation of the small blood vessels, the absence of granulommas on histopathological specimens, with few or no immune deposits and the presence of circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs). The classic pulmonary manifestation is diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (DAH), but its association with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) has been increasingly reported and may be the first manifestation of MPA. Our aim was to evaluate MPA patients with PF and compare their characteristics and evolution to those of MPA patients without PF.