Visual extended reality tools in image-guided surgery in urology: a systematic review.

Purpose: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the clinical implications of employing various Extended Reality (XR) tools for image guidance in urological surgery.

Methods: In June 2023, a systematic electronic literature search was conducted using the Medline database (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy was designed based on the PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) criteria.

Computer Vision and Machine-Learning Techniques for Automatic 3D Virtual Images Overlapping During Augmented Reality Guided Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

Objectives: The research's purpose is to develop a software that automatically integrates and overlay 3D virtual models of kidneys harboring renal masses into the Da Vinci robotic console, assisting surgeon during the intervention.

Introduction: Precision medicine, especially in the field of minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy, aims to use 3D virtual models as a guidance for augmented reality robotic procedures. However, the co-registration process of the virtual images over the real operative field is performed manually.

3D Model Artificial Intelligence-Guided Automatic Augmented Reality Images during Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

More than ever, precision surgery is making its way into modern surgery for functional organ preservation. This is possible mainly due to the increasing number of technologies available, including 3D models, virtual reality, augmented reality, and artificial intelligence. Intraoperative surgical navigation represents an interesting application of these technologies, allowing to understand in detail the surgical anatomy, planning a patient-tailored approach.

Metaverse Surgical Planning with Three-dimensional Virtual Models for Minimally Invasive Partial Nephrectomy.

The recent integration of new virtual visualization modalities with artificial intelligence and high-speed internet connection has opened the door to the advent of the metaverse in medicine. In this totally virtual environment, three-dimensional virtual models (3DVMs) of the patient's anatomy can be visualized and discussed via digital avatars. Here we present for the first time a metaverse preoperative clinical case discussion before minimally invasive partial nephrectomy.

New Generation of 3D Virtual Models with Perfusional Zones: Perioperative Assistance for the Best Pedicle Management during Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

Selective clamping during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) may reduce ischemia-related functional impairment. The intraoperative use of 3D-virtual models (3DVMs) can improve surgical planning, resulting in a greater success rate for selective clamping. Our goal is to introduce a new generation of 3DVMs, which consider the perfusion volumes of the kidney.

Three-dimensional imaging reconstruction of the kidney's anatomy for a tailored minimally invasive partial nephrectomy: A pilot study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate three-dimensional virtual models (3DVMs) usefulness in the intraoperative assistance of minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy in highly complex renal tumors.

Methods: At our institution cT1-2N0M0 all renal masses with Preoperative Aspects and Dimensions Used for an Anatomical classification score ≥10 treated with minimally-invasive partial nephrectomy were considered for the present study. For inclusion a baseline contrast-enhanced computed tomography in order to obtain 3DVMs, the baseline and postoperative serum creatinine as well as estimated glomerular filtration rate values were needed.

Robotic partial nephrectomy in 3D virtual reconstructions era: is the paradigm changed?

Context: The development of a tailored, patient-specific medical and surgical approach is becoming object of intense research. In kidney oncologic surgery, where a clear understanding of case-specific surgical anatomy is considered a key point to optimize the perioperative outcomes, such philosophy gained increasing importance. Recently, important advances in 3D virtual modeling technologies have fueled the interest for their application in the field of robotic minimally invasive surgery for kidney tumors.