Preparing Nursing Students to Work With Patients With Alcohol or Drug-Related Problems.

Stigma and insufficient training for addressing alcohol or drug problems in clinical settings are two significant barriers to earlier identification and access to care for patients with alcohol or drug (AOD)-related problems. Nurses are crucial players in this strategy, yet nurses often report poor motivation and insufficient training for working with AOD-affected patients. This article describes and reports preliminary evaluation results of an educational experience that integrated AOD curriculum into a community/public health nursing clinical practicum.

Treatment recidivism in adolescents with mental illness: A focused applied medical ethnography.

Problem: Treatment recidivism, described as frequent unplanned relapse readmissions, is a national problem predominant in adolescents with mental illness. Because the main triggers of treatment recidivism are not fully understood, the purpose of this study was to explore treatment recidivism (i) to better understand treatment recidivism from the perspectives of recidivist adolescents with mental illness, (ii) to describe major factors that contribute to treatment recidivism and how best to minimize them from the perspectives of these adolescents, and (iii) to describe their interaction with the medical culture.

Methods: A focused applied medical ethnography was used to study 16 purposively selected adolescents.

Efficacy of mindfulness-based addiction treatment (MBAT) for smoking cessation and lapse recovery: A randomized clinical trial.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) to a Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) that matched MBAT on treatment contact time, and a Usual Care (UC) condition that comprised brief individual counseling.

Method: Participants (N = 412) were 48.2% African American, 41.

Coping Mediates the Association of Mindfulness with Psychological Stress, Affect, and Depression Among Smokers Preparing to Quit.

It is not surprising that smoking abstinence rates are low given that smoking cessation is associated with increases in negative affect and stress that can persist for months. Mindfulness is one factor that has been broadly linked with enhanced emotional regulation. This study examined baseline associations of self-reported trait mindfulness with psychological stress, negative affect, positive affect, and depression among 158 smokers enrolled in a smoking cessation treatment trial.

Project SMART: an interdisciplinary collaboration to design and test a mentored health promotion program for school children.

Interdisciplinary collaborations and effective community partnerships can be important in advancing public health initiatives in economically disadvantaged communities. This community-based participatory research pilot study determined the feasibility of designing and implementing Project SMART, a mentored after-school health promotion program for school children in an underserved neighborhood. Interdisciplinary faculty and their students collaborated with community stakeholders to provide a program tailored to address community identified health risks.

Linking service-learning with community-based participatory research: an interprofessional course for health professional students.

Service-learning is a valued strategy for educating health professionals. Linking service-learning with community-based participatory research (CBPR) engages students with community stakeholders and faculty in a collaborative process to bring about social change and improved health. The purpose of this paper is to describe a strategy for involving interprofessional students in ongoing faculty CBPR in an underserved community.

Linguistic analysis to assess the effect of a mindfulness intervention on self-change for adults in substance use recovery.

Substance use is a pervasive health problem. Therapeutic community (TC) is an established substance abuse treatment but TC environments are stressful and dropout rates are high. Mindfulness-based TC (MBTC) intervention was developed to address TC stress and support self-change that could impact treatment retention.

Substance abuser impulsivity decreases with a nine-month stay in a therapeutic community.

Background: Substance abuse continues to be a major public health problem. Keeping substance abusers in treatment is a challenge, and researchers continue to investigate ways to increase retention.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between impulsivity in substance abusers and length of stay in the context of therapeutic community.

Associations between mindfulness and implicit cognition and self-reported affect.

Theory suggests that mindful individuals exhibit enhanced attentional processing (e.g., attentional control) and that they maintain a detached perspective to problematic stimuli.

Associations of mindfulness with nicotine dependence, withdrawal, and agency.

Quitting smoking is a major life stressor that results in numerous aversive consequences, including persistently increased level of post-cessation negative affect and relapse. The identification of factors that may enhance behavioral and emotional regulation after quitting may be useful in enhancing quit rates and preventing relapse. One factor broadly linked with behavioral and emotional regulation is mindfulness.

Mindfulness-based stress reduction in therapeutic community treatment: a stage 1 trial.

Objective: This trial compared Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction, adapted for therapeutic community treatment (MBTC), with treatment as usual (TAU) for reducing stress and increasing retention in a residential facility for substance use disorders.

Method: Four-hundred and fifty-nine participants, who met DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence were recruited (TAU = 164, MBTC = 295).

Results: A survival analysis of time to dropout did not show a significant difference between groups, however level of participation in MBTC was associated with decreased likelihood of dropout (p = < .

Evaluating Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: analyzing stories of stress to formulate focus group questions.

The primary purpose of this analysis was to learn how therapeutic community (TC) residents describe Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) delivered as part of their substance use recovery experience. A secondary purpose was to develop focus group questions guided by TC residents' descriptions. Two researchers independently analyzed 38 written stories about stress in the TC.

Behavioral therapies trials: a case example.

Background: Behavior change is integral to the prevention and treatment of many disorders associated with deleterious lifestyles. Rigorous scientific testing of behavior change interventions is an important goal for nursing research.

Approach: The stage model for behavioral therapy development is recommended as a useful framework for evaluating behavior change strategies.

Interdisciplinary benefits in Project MAINSTREAM: a promising health professions educational model to address global substance abuse.

Our purpose was to evaluate the interdisciplinary aspects of Project MAINSTREAM, a faculty development program that trained 39 competitively selected health professional tutors in substance abuse education. Mid-career faculty fellows (tutors) from 14 different health professions across the US dedicated 20% of their academic time for two years to Project MAINSTREAM. Teams of three fellows carried out curricular enhancement and service-learning field project requirements in mentored Interdisciplinary Faculty Learning Groups (IFLGs).

What African-American middle school youth report about risk-taking behaviors.

Introduction: African-American youth represent the heaviest burden for HIV in all U.S. ethnic groups.

Interdisciplinary service-learning substance abuse projects: processes and outcomes.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of community-based, service-learning field projects by 30 health professional faculty fellows of Project MAINSTREAM, a faculty development program on substance abuse. The fellows worked together for two years in 10 Interdisciplinary Faculty Learning Groups (IFLGs), which consisted of three academics of different disciplines. The ten projects are viewed within the context of service- learning and are based on a balance between the provision of services to the community and furthering the learning objectives of Project MAINSTREAM.

Creating change agents: a national substance abuse education project.

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a national interdisciplinary faculty development program, Project MAINSTREAM, on creating curriculum enhancement in health professional education.

Method: Thirty-nine faculty completed a two-year, part-time fellowship program featuring interdisciplinary collaboration, mentoring, training meetings, and Internet-based instructional materials. The main vehicle for curricular change was a required collaborative education project to develop trainees' core competencies in substance abuse prevention services.

Community-based participatory research to prevent substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in African-American adolescents.

Adolescence is a time for exploration and risk-taking; in today's urban environment, with the twin threats of substance abuse and HIV/AIDS, the stakes are particularly high. This paper describes a community-based participatory research project to design, implement, and evaluate a faith-based substance abuse and HIV/AIDS prevention program for African-American adolescents. A coalition of university-based investigators and African-American church member stakeholders collaborated on all aspects of Project BRIDGE, the 3-year intervention to reduce substance abuse and HIV/AIDS in African-American adolescents.