from six European countries reveals differences in profile and distribution of critical antimicrobial resistance determinants within One Health compartments, 2013 to 2020.

BackgroundAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. Monitoring using an integrated One Health approach is essential to detect changes in AMR occurrence.AimWe aimed to detect AMR genes in pathogenic and commensal collected 2013-2020 within monitoring programmes and research from food animals, food (fresh retail raw meat) and humans in six European countries, to compare vertical and horizontal transmission.

Diversity, functional classification and genotyping of SHV β-lactamases in .

Interpreting the phenotypes of alleles in genomes is complex. Whilst all strains are expected to carry a chromosomal copy conferring resistance to ampicillin, they may also carry mutations in chromosomal alleles or additional plasmid-borne alleles that have extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) activity and/or β-lactamase inhibitor (BLI) resistance activity. In addition, the role of individual mutations/a changes is not completely documented or understood.

Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway.

Background: The usage of fluoroquinolones in Norwegian livestock production is very low, including in broiler production. Historically, quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) isolated from Norwegian production animals rarely occur. However, with the introduction of a selective screening method for QREC in the Norwegian monitoring programme for antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary sector in 2014; 89.

Detection of Klebsiella pneumoniae in healthy poultry: Insights and perspectives from culturing and metagenomics.

Previously, Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to occur more frequently in healthy turkey flocks than in healthy broiler flocks in Norway. This study aimed to investigate whether this higher occurrence could be attributed to a greater abundance of K. pneumoniae in turkey flocks.

Population dynamics and characteristics of from healthy poultry in Norway.

is an important opportunistic pathogen widely studied in relation to human infection and colonization. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding other niches that may inhabit. isolated from healthy broiler and turkey flocks in Norway in 2018 have previously been described with regard to population structure, sequence types (STs), and the presence of virulence- and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes.

multilocus sequence type 38 from humans and broiler production represent distinct monophyletic groups.

belonging to multilocus sequence type 38 (ST38) is a well-known cause of extra-intestinal infections in humans, and are frequently associated with resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESCs). Resistance to carbapenems, mediated by -genes has also been reported in this ST. Recently, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) released a rapid risk assessment on the increased detection of OXA-244 producing ST38 in humans, requesting further knowledge to determine the source.

Exploring the epidemiology of mcr genes, genetic context and plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae originating from pigs and humans on farms in Thailand.

Objectives: In veterinary medicine, colistin has been widely used as therapeutic and prophylactic agent, and for growth promotion. However, colistin has been re-introduced into treatment of human MDR bacterial infections. We assessed the characteristics and spread of plasmid-borne colistin resistance among healthy pigs, workers with animal-contact and their household members in Thailand.

Highly conserved composite transposon harbouring aerobactin in from pigs.

is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with severe invasive disease in humans. Hypervirulent , which are with several acquired virulence determinants such as the siderophore aerobactin and others, are more prominent in countries in South and South-East Asia compared to European countries. This pathotype is capable of causing liver abscesses in immunocompetent persons in the community.

Genome-associations of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing (ESBL) or AmpC producing E. coli in small and medium pig farms from Khon Kaen province, Thailand.

Thailand is undergoing rapid intensification of livestock production where small subsistence farms and medium sized commercial farms coexist. In medium farms, antimicrobials are prescribed by a veterinarian, whereas in small farms antimicrobial use remains largely unsupervised. The impact of these differences as well as other farming practices on the emergence and composition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) remains largely unknown.

Longitudinal Sampling Reveals Persistence of and Genetic Diversity in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant From Norwegian Broiler Production.

There are knowledge gaps concerning dynamics of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant and their plasmids in broiler production and the persistence of strains on broiler farms. Thus, we aimed at characterising ESC-resistant collected from all flocks reared on 10 different farms during a six-months sampling period. All isolates ( = 43) were subjected to whole-genome sequencing, and a subset of isolates ( = 7) were also sequenced using oxford nanopore technology and subsequent hybrid assembly in order to do in-depth characterisation of the ESC resistance plasmids.

Exploring in Healthy Poultry Reveals High Genetic Diversity, Good Biofilm-Forming Abilities and Higher Prevalence in Turkeys Than Broilers.

is a well-studied human pathogen for which antimicrobial resistant and hypervirulent clones have emerged globally. is also present in a variety of environmental niches, but currently there is a lack of knowledge on the occurrence and characteristics of from non-human sources. Certain environmental niches, e.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Plasmid-associated antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in Escherichia coli in a high arctic reindeer subspecies.

Objectives: In extreme environments, such as the Arctic region, the anthropogenic influence is low and the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria is unexpected. In this study, we screened wild reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) from the Svalbard High Arctic Archipelago for antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli and performed in-depth strain characterisation.

Methods: Using selective culturing of faecal samples from 55 animals, resistant E.

Geographic Drivers of Antimicrobial Use and Resistance in Pigs in Khon Kaen Province, Thailand.

In Thailand, pig production has increased considerably in the last decades to meet a growing demand for pork. Antimicrobials are used routinely in intensive pig production to treat infections and increase productivity. However, the use of antimicrobials also contributes to the rise of antimicrobial resistance with potential consequences for animal and human health.

Interference of ISEcp1-bla with the shufflon rearrangement in IncI1 plasmids.

IncI1 plasmids are known disseminators of the extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC) gene bla, among species of the Enterobacteriaceae family. In several IncI1 plasmids, this gene was found incorporated into the transposition unit, ISEcp1-bla-orf477, interrupting a shufflon region, a hallmark of IncI1 conjugative plasmids. The shufflon diversifies pilV gene that encodes the adhesine-type protein found on the tip of the conjugative pilus.

Exploring the Antibiotic Resistance Burden in Livestock, Livestock Handlers and Their Non-Livestock Handling Contacts: A One Health Perspective.

Antibiotics are freqeuently used in the livestock sector in low- and middle-income countries for treatment, prophylaxis, and growth promotion. However, there is limited information into the zoonotic prevalence and dissemination patterns of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) within these environments. In this study we used pig farming in Thailand as a model to explore AMR; 156 pig farms were included, comprising of small-sized (<50 sows) and medium-sized (≥100 sows) farms, where bacterial isolates were selectively cultured from animal rectal and human fecal samples.

Corrigendum: /IncI1-Iγ Plasmids Circulating in From Norwegian Broiler Production Are Related, but Distinguishable.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from pigs and humans in farms in Thailand: population genomic structure, antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Objectives: To define characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae complex (hereafter KP) isolates from healthy pigs, farm workers and their household members in Thailand.

Methods: A total of 839 individual rectal swabs from pigs on 164 farms and 271 faecal samples of humans working on pig farms and persons living in the same household in Khon Kaen, Thailand were screened for gut colonization by KP. Genomic sequences were investigated for antibiotic resistance and virulence genes.

Population structure and uropathogenic potential of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from retail chicken meat.

Background: Food-producing animals and their products are considered a source for human acquisition of antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria, and poultry are suggested to be a reservoir for Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins (ESC), a group of antimicrobials used to treat community-onset urinary tract infections in humans. However, the zoonotic potential of ESC-resistant E. coli from poultry and their role as extraintestinal pathogens, including uropathogens, have been debated.

Antibiotic Resistance and Phylogeny of spp. Isolated over Three Decades from Chicken Meat in the Norwegian Food Chain.

is ubiquitous in nature and a predominant genus in many foods and food processing environments, where it primarily represents major food spoilage organisms. The food chain has also been reported to be a potential reservoir of antibiotic-resistant . The purpose of the current study was to determine the occurrence of antibiotic resistance in psychrotrophic spp.

Antibiotic use in pig farms at different levels of intensification-Farmers' practices in northeastern Thailand.

Understanding the patterns and drivers of antibiotic use in livestock is crucial for tailoring efficient incentives for responsible use of antibiotics. Here we compared routines for antibiotic use between pig farms of two different levels of intensification in Khon Kaen province in Thailand. Among the 113 family-owned small-scale farms (up to 50 sows) interviewed did 76% get advice from the pharmacy about how to use the antibiotics and 84% used it primarily for treating disease.

Antimicrobial Resistance in Fecal from Humans and Pigs at Farms at Different Levels of Intensification.

The overall aim of the current study was to test the hypotheses that (i) antibiotic resistance in bacteria were more frequent in clinically health pigs in intensified company owned, medium-scale farms (MSFs) (100-500 sows) than in pigs in family-owned, small-scale farms (SSFs) (1-50 sows) and (ii) that farmers working at the MSFs were more prone to attain antibiotic resistant bacteria than farmers working at SSFs. The study was conducted in North-Eastern Thailand, comprising fecal isolates from pigs, farmers working with the pigs (contact humans) and persons living in the same household as the farmer (non-contact humans) at 51 MSFs and 113 SSFs. Samples from all farms were also screened for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was not detected in pig samples, but was found in one human sample.