The impact of diet during adolescence on the neonatal health of offspring: evidence on the importance of preconception diet. The HUNT study.

Emerging evidence suggests that parents' nutritional status before and at the time of conception influences the lifelong physical and mental health of their child. Yet little is known about the relationship between diet in adolescence and the health of the next generation at birth. This study examined data from Norwegian cohorts to assess the relationship between dietary patterns in adolescence and neonatal outcomes.

Adherence to the New Nordic Diet during pregnancy and subsequent maternal weight development: a study conducted in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa).

The rising prevalence of overweight and obesity is a worldwide public health challenge. Pregnancy and beyond is a potentially important window for future weight gain in women. We investigated associations between maternal adherence to the New Nordic diet (NND) during pregnancy and maternal BMI trajectories from delivery to 8 years post delivery.

Changes in fruit and vegetable consumption habits from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy among Norwegian women.

Background: A healthy diet is important for pregnancy outcome and the current and future health of woman and child. The aims of the study were to explore the changes from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV), and to describe associations with maternal educational level, body mass index (BMI) and age.

Methods: Healthy nulliparous women were included in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery (NFFD) trial from September 2009 to February 2013, recruited from eight antenatal clinics in southern Norway.

Changes in mode of transportation to work or school from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study.

Objective: To describe changes in mode of transportation to work or school from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, to describe levels of physical activity related to mode of transportation to work or school, and to examine associations between changes in mode of transportation to work or school and educational level, body mass index (BMI) and age.

Methods: Between September 2009 and February 2013, 575 healthy pregnant nulliparous women were included into the Norwegian Fit for Delivery (NFFD) trial. At inclusion they reported their current and their pre-pregnancy mode of transportation to work or school.

Change in active transportation and weight gain in pregnancy.

Background: Pregnancy is characterised by large weight gain over a short period, and often a notable change in mode of transportation. This makes pregnancy suitable for examining the plausible, but in the scientific literature still unclear, association between active transportation and weight gain. We hypothesize that women continuing an active mode of transportation to work or school from pre- to early pregnancy will have a lower gestational weight gain (GWG) than those who change to a less active mode of transportation.

Changes in beverage consumption from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy in the Norwegian Fit for Delivery study.

Objective: To describe changes in consumption of different types of beverages from pre-pregnancy to early pregnancy, and to examine associations with maternal age, educational level and BMI.

Design: Cross-sectional design. Participants answered an FFQ at inclusion into a randomized controlled trial, the Fit for Delivery (FFD) trial, in median gestational week 15 (range: 9-20), reporting current consumption and in retrospect how often they drank the different beverages pre-pregnancy.

Parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children.

Aims: The aims of the study were to compare parenting stress and emotional wellbeing in mothers and fathers of preschool children, to look for predictors of different aspects of parenting stress in mothers and fathers, and to discriminate parenting stress from psychological distress and anxiety.

Methods: We studied 256 mothers and 204 fathers of children aged 1-7 years. The Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) assesses stress related to parenting.

Underlying correlation structures of parental stress, general health and anxiety.

A partial least square regression (PLSR) was performed on the Swedish Parenthood Stress Questionnaire (SPSQ) sum score and subscales on incompetence, role restriction, social isolation, spouse relationship and health problems, using 42 items from the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and 20 items from the State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1). The dataset contained 227 fathers and 301 mothers of children aged 1.0-6.

Long-term parental psychological distress among parents of children with a malformation--a prospective longitudinal study.

We previously reported that prenatal diagnosis of malformations is associated with increased parental psychological distress after birth compared to distress in parents with postnatal diagnosis. We have now extended our earlier study to include a long-term follow-up of mothers and fathers 9 years after birth. Psychological responses were measured by General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-X1), and Impact of Event Scale (IES) in 118 mothers and 100 fathers of 124 children with malformations 0-7 days (T1), 6 weeks (T2), 6 months (T3), and 9 years postpartum (T4).

Comparative levels of psychological distress, stress symptoms, depression and anxiety after childbirth--a prospective population-based study of mothers and fathers.

Objective: To compare maternal and paternal psychological responses following birth of a healthy baby; and to explore predictors of parental psychological distress.

Design: A prospective, longitudinal, population-based cohort study.

Setting: A Norwegian district general hospital.