Lung tissue injury and hemodynamic effects of ventilations synchronized or unsynchronized to continuous chest compressions in a porcine cardiac arrest model.

Aim: Compare lung injury and hemodynamic effects in synchronized ventilations (between two chest compressions) vs. unsynchronized ventilations during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a porcine model of cardiac arrest.

Methods: Twenty pigs were randomized to either synchronized or unsynchronized group.

Age assessment by Demirjian's development stages of the third molar: a systematic review.

Objectives: Radiographic evaluation of the wisdom teeth (third molar) formation is a widely used age assessment method for adolescents and young adults. This systematic review examines evidence on the agreement between Demirjian's development stages of the third molar and chronological age.

Methods: We searched four databases up until May 2016 for studies reporting Demirjian's stages of third molar and confirmed chronological age of healthy individuals aged 10-25 years.

A systematic review of the agreement between chronological age and skeletal age based on the Greulich and Pyle atlas.

Objectives: This systematic review examines the agreement between assessed skeletal age by the Greulich and Pyle atlas (GP skeletal age) and chronological age.

Methods: We searched electronic databases until January 2017 for studies reporting GP skeletal age and confirmed chronological age in healthy individuals aged 10-25 years. Results are presented as forest plots and meta-analyses (random-effects models).

A prospective study of children aged <16 years in motor vehicle collisions in Norway: severe injuries are observed predominantly in older children and are associated with restraint misuse.

Objective: The implementation of the compulsory wearing of seat belts (SBs) for children and improvements in child restraint systems have reduced the number of deaths and severe injuries among children involved in motor vehicle (MV) collisions (MVCs). Establishing the characteristics predictive of such injuries may provide the basis for targeted safety campaigns and lead to a further reduction in mortality and morbidity among children involved in MVCs. This study performed a multidisciplinary investigation among child occupants involved in MVCs to elucidate injury mechanisms, evaluate the safety measures used and determine the characteristics that are predictive of injury.

In-depth evaluation of real-world car collisions: fatal and severe injuries in children are predominantly caused by restraint errors and unstrapped cargo.

Objective: Major improvements have taken place in the development of child restraint systems and in-car safety in general, but motor vehicle accidents remain the leading cause of death and disability in children. An interdisciplinary study was therefore performed to investigate the injury mechanisms in car collisions involving children.

Methods: Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) resulting in death or serious injuries to the drivers or their passengers in the southeastern part of Norway in the period 2007-2009 were included in the study if children less than 16 years of age were passengers.