and infections in Norwegian wild reindeer and red deer populations in relation to summer pasture altitude and climate.

Nematodes of the genera and are associated with disease in semi-domesticated tundra reindeer and farmed red deer whereas less knowledge exists in the wild. Their first stage larvae (L1) develop to the infective third stage (L3) in the environment; spp. within intermediate gastropod hosts and spp.

First Detection of Chronic Wasting Disease in a Wild Red Deer () in Europe.

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal contagious prion disease naturally occurring in cervids in North America. In 2016, CWD was detected in wild reindeer () and moose () in Norway. Here, we report the first known naturally infected wild Norwegian red deer ().

Gammaherpesvirus (Type 1 Ruminant Rhadinovirus) in Muskox ( Ovibos moschatus) in Greenland.

The world's native distribution of muskox ( Ovibos moschatus) is restricted to Canada and Greenland, and a muskox-specific gammaherpesvirus has been described from Canadian populations. We analyzed spleen samples from the Kangerlussuaq muskox population in Greenland and identified muskox gammaherpes by PCR and sequencing.