Prevalence of nephrolithiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients on the highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background And Purpose: Protease inhibitors, specifically indinavir, have historically been implicated as a cause of nephrolithiasis in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. There is a paucity of data, however, on stone disease with nonindinavir etiologies since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We sought to describe the prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the HIV population since the use of HAART.

Abnormal glycosylation of Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with interstitial cystitis.

Objective: To confirm abnormal glycosylation of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC).

Patients, Subjects And Methods: The sialic acid content of THP, a critical component of its biological activity, is reduced in patients with IC. N-glycan shows reduced levels of high molecular weight tri- and tetra-antennary sialylated oligosaccharides.

Defective Tamm-Horsfall protein in patients with interstitial cystitis.

Purpose: Normal urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein shows a urothelial cytoprotective effect against potentially toxic compounds in urine that may injure the urothelium and cause bladder disease. One such disease is interstitial cystitis. In patients with interstitial cystitis this protective effect is decreased.

Role of sialic acid in urinary cytoprotective activity of Tamm-Horsfall protein.

Objectives: Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) from normal urine has been shown to protect against the cytotoxic effects of toxic urinary cations (TFs) in vivo and in vitro. This study investigated the effect of desialylation on the cytoprotective activity of THP.

Methods: From pooled 24-hour urine specimens from healthy individuals, both TFs and THP were obtained.