Wortmannin delays transfer of human rhinovirus serotype 2 to late endocytic compartments.

Human rhinovirus 2 (HRV2) is internalized by members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family into early endosomes (pH 6.2-6.0) where it dissociates from its receptors.

Expression and functional activity of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) transporter in the human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo.

1. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2) is a drug efflux transporter that is believed to affect the drug disposition of several drugs and xenobiotics. In the present study, we evaluated the localization and functional expression of BCRP in the human choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo, an in vitro model of the human trophoblast, and compared it with the expression of P-glycoprotein (MDR1, ABCB1) as the most widely studied placental transporter.

Reduced stress tolerance of glutamine-deprived human monocytic cells is associated with selective down-regulation of Hsp70 by decreased mRNA stability.

In critically ill patients, clinicians observe a reverse correlation of survival and a decreased plasma concentration of the most abundant free amino acid, glutamine (Gln). However, in this context, the role of Gln remains largely elusive. Gln is used as an energy substrate by monocytes.

Opening of size-selective pores in endosomes during human rhinovirus serotype 2 in vivo uncoating monitored by single-organelle flow analysis.

The effect of virus uncoating on endosome integrity during the early steps in viral infection was investigated. Using fluid-phase uptake of 10- and 70-kDa dextrans labeled with a pH-dependent fluorophore (fluorescein isothiocyanate [FITC]) and a pH-independent fluorophore (cyanine 5 [Cy5]), we determined the pHs of labeled compartments in intact HeLa cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Subsequently, the number and pH of fluorescent endosomes in cell homogenates were determined by single-organelle flow analysis.

Human rhinovirus type 2-antibody complexes enter and infect cells via Fc-gamma receptor IIB1.

HeLa cells were stably transfected with a cDNA clone encoding the B1 isoform of the mouse FcgammaRII receptor (hereafter referred to as HeLa-FcRII cells). The receptor was expressed at high level at the plasma membrane in about 90% of the cells. These cells bound and internalized mouse monoclonal virus-neutralizing antibodies 8F5 and 3B10 of the subtype immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) and IgG1, respectively.

Conformational changes, plasma membrane penetration, and infection by human rhinovirus type 2: role of receptors and low pH.

Human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) is internalized by members of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor (LDLR) family. It then progresses into late endosomes, where it undergoes conversion from D- to C-antigenicity at pH < 5.6.

Glutamine depletion impairs cellular stress response in human leucocytes.

During sepsis and major trauma the blood glutamine (Gln) level is reduced. The administration of Gln can improve the outcome of these patients. However, the mechanism of this beneficial effect of Gln is poorly understood.