ECG patterns to predict pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with severe tricuspid regurgitation.

Introduction: Echocardiographic evaluation of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) velocity is a key measure in screening for pulmonary hypertension. Based on its value and additional features of right ventricle overload patients are classified into low, intermediate or high probability of pulmonary hypertension which transfers into decisions of further invasive evaluation. However, in the presence of severe TR echocardiography underestimates pulmonary artery pressure and therefore pulmonary hypertension may be overlooked in some patients.

Assessment of stress load and its causes among dental students.

Objectives: The aim of this study was thus to assess the stress level among dental students, characterizing the factors that induce it and describing which students are most susceptible.

Methods: Two international, independent and validated to polish language and environment stress questionnaires were used: the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Perceived Medical School Stress Instrument (PMSS). The present study received approval from the Jagiellonian University Bioethical Committee (no.