Fear of hypoglycemia in children with type 1 diabetes and their parents: Validation of the Italian version of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Children and for Parents.

Background: Currently, Italian versions of the Hypoglycemia Fear Survey for Children (CHFS) and for Parents (PHFS) quantifying Fear of Hypoglycemia (FoH) in pediatric diabetes are not available.

Objective: To validate the Italian version of the CHFS and PHFS.

Subjects And Methods: One hundred and seventy-four children with type 1 diabetes aged 6-18 and 178 parents completed the CHFS and PHFS, the PedsQL 3.

Pulmonary Outcomes in Children Born Extremely and Very Preterm at 11 Years of Age.

There is increasing evidence of prematurity being a risk factor for long-term respiratory outcomes regardless the presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). To assess the effect of prematurity on respiratory outcomes in children born ≤32 weeks of gestational age at 11 years of age. Fifty five ex-preterm children (≤ 32 weeks of gestational age), born in Chieti between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2007, performed lung function and diffusing capacity test (DLCO) at 11 years of age.

Lung function in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A cross-sectional analysis.

Aim: We measured respiratory parameters in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) without clinical signs of respiratory involvement and assessed the influence of methotrexate (MTX) treatment and disease activity on lung function.

Methods: In 49 JIA children and 70 controls lung volumes by spirometry and body plethysmography, and lung diffusion for carbon monoxide (DLCO) with single-breath technique were evaluated.

Results: DLCO was significantly different between JIA children and controls (P = .

An underestimated cause of chronic cough: The Protracted Bacterial Bronchitis.

Chronic cough in childhood is associated with a high morbidity and decreased quality of life. Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) seems to be the second most common cause of chronic cough in children under 6 years of age. Its main clinical feature is represented by wet cough that worsens when changing posture and improves after the introduction of antibiotics.

Usefulness of molecular diagnosis in egg allergic children.

Introduction: Egg allergy is one of the most common food allergies in children. Egg white, including ovomucoid (OVM or Gal d 1) and ovalbumin (OVA or Gal d 2), is the major source of allergens. The aim of this study was to assess the role of Gal d 1 and Gal d 2 in predicting the risk of anaphylaxis caused by eggs in children, and to compare this new diagnostic tool with established methods of allergen-specific IgE detection.

Insulin resistance and lung function in obese asthmatic pre-pubertal children.

Background: Recent findings have supposed that the underlying association between the increased prevalence of both asthma and obesity may be insulin resistance (IR).

Methods: Insulin and glucose serum levels were analyzed to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) for IR in 98 pre-pubertal children. Lung function and allergy status evaluation were performed.

Pyomyositis is not only a tropical pathology: a case series.

Background: Pyomyositis is an acute bacterial infection of skeletal muscle that results in localized abscess formation. This infection was thought to be endemic to tropical countries, and is also known as "tropical pyomyositis". However, pyomyositis is increasingly recognized in temperate climates and is frequently associated with an immunosuppressive condition, such as human immunodeficiency virus, malignancy, and diabetes mellitus.

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness to mannitol, airway inflammation and Asthma Control Test in atopic asthmatic children.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to mannitol and bronchial inflammation measured as exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and to assess whether asthma control correlates with AHR to mannitol and FeNO in atopic asthmatic children.

Material And Methods: Allergy evaluation, the mannitol challenge test, FeNO levels and the Asthma Control Test (ACT) questionnaire were assessed in 40 children with intermittent and mild persistent allergic asthma.

Results: All the subjects showed positive AHR to mannitol.

Critical appraisal of Timothy grass pollen extract GRAZAX in the management of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases of adult and pediatric age, associated with grass pollen (GP) allergy in >50% cases, with a consistent impact on quality of life of affected patients. A grass allergen tablet, containing standardized extract derived from Timothy grass (Phleum pratense) pollen and ~15 μg major allergen P. pratense (rPhl p 5), may be the future of allergen-specific immunotherapy (IT) for GP allergy.

Vitamin D supplementation modulates the immune system and improves atopic dermatitis in children.

Background: Vitamin D seems to influence the evolution of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.

Methods: We tested the vitamin D serum levels of 39 children with AD (AD group t0) and of 20 nonallergic healthy controls (C group). AD severity was evaluated using the AD scoring system (SCORAD index).

Diabetes and epilepsy in children and adolescents.

Over the last years, there has been an increasing interest in the potential association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and epilepsy. Both T1D and epilepsy are common conditions in children and adolescents, and therefore, their association might represent simply a coincidence or be related to common underlying mechanisms with a potential causal relationship. Few epidemiological studies have been performed in the pediatric population, and they have reached discordant conclusions, with some studies reporting an increased prevalence of epilepsy in children and adolescents with T1D, whereas others have not confirmed this finding.