Comprehensive map of ribosomal 2'-O-methylation and C/D box snoRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster.

During their maturation, ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are decorated by hundreds of chemical modifications that participate in proper folding of rRNA secondary structures and therefore in ribosomal function. Along with pseudouridine, methylation of the 2'-hydroxyl ribose moiety (Nm) is the most abundant modification of rRNAs. The majority of Nm modifications in eukaryotes are placed by Fibrillarin, a conserved methyltransferase belonging to a ribonucleoprotein complex guided by C/D box small nucleolar RNAs (C/D box snoRNAs).

The 18S ribosomal RNA m A methyltransferase Mettl5 is required for normal walking behavior in Drosophila.

RNA modifications have recently emerged as an important layer of gene regulation. N6-methyladenosine (m A) is the most prominent modification on eukaryotic messenger RNA and has also been found on noncoding RNA, including ribosomal and small nuclear RNA. Recently, several m A methyltransferases were identified, uncovering the specificity of m A deposition by structurally distinct enzymes.

Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids promote histone crotonylation in the colon through histone deacetylases.

The recently discovered histone post-translational modification crotonylation connects cellular metabolism to gene regulation. Its regulation and tissue-specific functions are poorly understood. We characterize histone crotonylation in intestinal epithelia and find that histone H3 crotonylation at lysine 18 is a surprisingly abundant modification in the small intestine crypt and colon, and is linked to gene regulation.