Pragmatic Carbohydrate Quality Metrics in Relation to Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, and Front-of-Pack Warning Labels in Grain Foods.

The challenges in the characterization of the nutritional quality of grain foods comprise obstacles to public health actions toward promotion of healthier grain-based foods. The present study investigated how carbohydrate metrics related to glycemic index (GI), glycemic load (GL), and warning labels of grain foods consumed by individuals living in São Paulo, Brazil. Information on intake of grain foods at individual level was obtained using 24 h recalls within a cross-sectional population-based survey conducted in 2015.

Dietary inadequacies overestimate the blood deficiencies of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, E, and D among residents of Sao Paulo.

Background & Aims: We aimed to estimate the prevalence of the inadequate intake and status of magnesium, zinc, and vitamins A, C, E, and D and identify factors associated with micronutrient deficiency in serum/plasma among residents of São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Data from 824 individuals aged ≥14 years were obtained from the 2015 ISA-Nutrition, a population-based, cross-sectional survey. Dietary and supplement intakes were assessed using two 24-h dietary recalls, and the micronutrient inadequacies were estimated using the National Cancer Institute method.

Food Insecurity Reduces the Chance of Following a Nutrient-Dense Dietary Pattern by Brazilian Adults: Insights from a Nationwide Cross-Sectional Survey.

Dietary patterns derived by data-driven techniques are still scarce in the food security context and may be a useful tool to inform policymakers to promote adequate and healthy diets for vulnerable populations. We investigated the association between food security status and dietary patterns among 28,127 Brazilian adults using data from the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey. Food security status was measured by the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale.

Misreporting of dietary energy intake obtained by 24 h recalls in older adults: a comparison of five previous methods using doubly labeled water.

Background/objective: To test five different methods to detect misreporting in comparison to doubly labeled water in a sample of older adults.

Subjects/methods: A cross-sectional study with thirty-eight Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60-84 years, who had their total energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water (TEE). Dietary data were collected by two 24 h recalls.

Opportunities for diet quality improvement: the potential role of staple grain foods.

Objective: Given the high disease burden associated with the low intake of whole grains, modelling studies that estimate the impact of dietary strategies to increase more healthful grain foods consumption are essential to inform evidence-based and culturally specific policies. The current study investigated the potential nutritional impact of replacing staple grain foods with more healthful options.

Design: Based on the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional, population-based study, we modelled the substitution of white rice and white bread with brown rice and whole-wheat bread.

Estimating total daily energy requirements in community-dwelling older adults: validity of previous predictive equations and modeling of a new approach.

Background/objectives: Accurate estimation of energy requirements is crucial for health maintenance and prevention of malnutrition in older adults. This study aimed to assess the accuracy of predictive equations for estimating energy requirements in older adults and to test the validity of new predictive equations for this age group.

Subjects/methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 38 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60-84 years, who had their total energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water (TEE).

Cardiometabolic risk profile and diet quality among internal migrants in Brazil: a population-based study.

Purpose: Studies of migrants can improve understanding of the environmental influence on the risk of chronic diseases. In continental countries, internal migration has been associated with changes in diet and health status. The objective of this study is to assess differences in diet quality and the cardiometabolic risk profile between migrants and the host population.

Demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with sugar-sweetened beverage intake: a population-based study.

Introduction: The intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) varies according to the characteristics of the population.

Objective: To investigate the SSB intake and demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors associated with its consumption in adolescents, adults, and older adults in São Paulo.

Methods: Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study including 1,662 individuals aged 12 years or more.

Is the local food environment associated with excess body weight in adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil?

The obesogenic environment stimulates an inadequate diet by hampering healthy choices. This cross-sectional study evaluated the association between the local food environment and the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a representative sample population of adolescents living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, using multilevel logistic regression models. Among the adolescents, 29.

Application of the ≤ 10:1 carbohydrate to fiber ratio to identify healthy grain foods and its association with cardiometabolic risk factors.

Purpose: Optimal metrics to assess healthfulness of carbohydrate-rich products are not well established. We investigated how the content per 10 g of carbohydrate of at least 1 g of fiber (≤ 10:1-ratio) related to nutritional quality in grain foods as well as cardiometabolic risk factors in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Data were from the cross-sectional population-based study 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, including a probabilistic sample of urban residents in the city.

[Validity of self-reported high cholesterol in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, and factors associated with this information's sensitivity].

The study aimed to validate self-report of high cholesterol in São Paulo, Brazil, and verify factors associated with this information's sensitivity. Data were used from the Health Survey of the City of São Paulo 2015, a cross-sectional population-based study with a probabilistic sample of the city's residents. The sample included 886 individuals with information from the structured questionnaire, blood measurements of total cholesterol and fractions or who reported being on medication for high cholesterol.

Access to Street Markets and Consumption of Fruits and Vegetables by Adolescents Living in São Paulo, Brazil.

Food environment and income act as determinants of diet, and consequently, of the consumption of fruits and vegetables. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between fruit and vegetable consumption, income, and street market density in adolescents living in São Paulo, Brazil. Data from 521 adolescents (12 to 19 years) participating in the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used.

2015 Health Survey of São Paulo with Focus in Nutrition: Rationale, Design, and Procedures.

This paper describes the design, sampling methods, and data collection procedures, with particular focus on dietary data, used for the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo (, 2015 ISA-Capital) with Focus in Nutrition Study (2015 ISA-Nutrition). The ISA is a household cross-sectional, population-based survey that uses complex, stratified, multistage sampling to create a representative sample of residents from urban São Paulo, Brazil. The 2015 ISA-Nutrition comprised a sub-sample of the 2015 ISA-Capital and intended to include 300 adolescents (aged 12 to 19 years), 300 adults (aged 20 to 59 years), and 300 older adults (aged ≥60 years).

Validation of self-reported diabetes in a representative sample of São Paulo city.

OBJECTIVE To validate the self-reported diabetes mellitus in adults and older adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS We have used data of 569 subjects (284 adults and 285 older adults), participants of the population-based cross-sectional study Inquérito de Saúde do Município de São Paulo (Health Survey of São Paulo). Fasting glucose ≥ 7.

The relationship between carbohydrate quality and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: challenges of glycemic index and glycemic load.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in adults and older adults residents of São Paulo, the association of MetS with the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) and the foods that contribute to dietary GI and GL in this population.

Methods: Data from 591 adults and older adults participants in the Health Survey of São Paulo were used. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study with a complex multistage sample design of residents in the urban area of the municipality.

Family income per capita, age, and smoking status are predictors of low fiber intake in residents of São Paulo, Brazil.

We hypothesized that dietary total fiber intake may be less than recommendations and that the intake of total, soluble, and insoluble fiber may be associated with demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors. Data were drawn from the Health Survey of São Paulo, a cross-sectional population-based study. Adolescents, adults, and elderly persons living in São Paulo city were included.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia according to the nutritional status in a representative sample of São Paulo.

Background: Overweight is one of the major public health problems in Brazil; it is associated with dyslipidemia, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the lipid profile of residents of the municipality of São Paulo, state of São Paulo, according to the nutritional status.

Methods: Data from the population-based cross-sectional study ISA-Capital 2008 on a sample of residents of São Paulo were used.