Impact of 3D Printing on Cardiac Surgery in Congenital Heart Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) poses significant challenges in surgical management due to the complexity of cardiac anatomy. Three-dimensional (3D) printing has emerged as a promising tool in preoperative planning, intraoperative guidance, and medical education for CHD surgeries.

Objectives: We aimed to systematically review the literature on the utilization and benefits of 3D printing technology in CHD surgical interventions.