Toward characterizing cardiovascular fitness using machine learning based on unobtrusive data.

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a non-invasive approach to measure the maximum oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), which is an index to assess cardiovascular fitness (CF). However, CPET is not available to all populations and cannot be obtained continuously. Thus, wearable sensors are associated with machine learning (ML) algorithms to investigate CF.

Ten-year follow-up of cardiac function and neural regulation in a group of amateur half-marathon runners.

Objective: In the last years, a debate exists about type, intensity and frequency of physical exercise that is really indicated to protect healthy subjects from cardiovascular disease. Regular physical training has been associated with an improved cardiovascular risk profile, but it has also been demonstrated that strenuous and uncontrolled physical exercise could be dangerous, in terms of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In the present study, we evaluated a group of 35 amateur half-marathon runners, who were likewise studied 10 years before (B).

Cardiovascular responses to low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise in coronary artery disease: effects of posture.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) lead to cardiovascular autonomic control disfunctions that can worsen exercise and/or posture adjustments.

Objectives: To verify the cardiovascular responses to low-intensity isometric handgrip exercise performed in different postures in CAD patients. This study tested the hypothesis that the posture influences the cardiovascular responses during isometric handgrip exercise and that the presence of CAD leads to greater cardiovascular stress during this type of exercise.

The additional impact of type 2 diabetes on baroreflex sensitivity of coronary artery disease patients might be undetectable in presence of deterioration of mechanical vascular properties.

Both deterioration of the mechanical vascular properties of barosensitive vessels and autonomic derangement lead to modification of baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in coronary artery disease (CAD) individuals. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) reduces BRS as well even in absence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. The aim of the study is to clarify whether, assigned the degree of mechanical vascular impairment and without cardiac autonomic neuropathy, the additional autonomic dysfunction imposed in CAD patients by T2D (CAD-T2D) decreases BRS further.

Correction: Cardiovascular Variability Analysis and Baroreflex Estimation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Absence of Any Manifest Neuropathy.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.

Cardiovascular Variability Analysis and Baroreflex Estimation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Absence of Any Manifest Neuropathy.

Introduction: Indexes derived from spontaneous heart period (HP) and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) fluctuations can detect autonomic dysfunction in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) associated to cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) or other neuropathies. It is unknown whether HP and SAP variability indexes are sensitive enough to detect the autonomic dysfunction in DM patients without CAN and other neuropathies.

Methods: We evaluated 68 males aged between 40 and 65 years.