Kidney-resident innate-like memory γδ T cells control chronic infection of mice.

γδ T cells are involved in the control of infection, but their importance in protection compared to other T cells is unclear. We used a mouse model of systemic infection associated with high bacterial load and persistence in the kidney. Infection caused fulminant accumulation of γδ T cells in the kidney.

Ecto-5'-Nucleotidase (CD73) Regulates the Survival of CD8+ T Cells.

Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is an enzyme present on the surface of tumor cells whose primary described function is the production of extracellular adenosine. Due to the immunosuppressive properties of adenosine, CD73 is being investigated as a target for new antitumor therapies. We and others have described that CD73 is present at the surface of different CD8+ T cell subsets.

CD73 Ectonucleotidase Restrains CD8+ T Cell Metabolic Fitness and Anti-tumoral Activity.

CD39 and CD73 are ectoenzymes that dephosphorylate ATP into its metabolites; ADP, AMP, and adenosine, and thus are considered instrumental in the development of immunosuppressive microenvironments. We have previously shown that within the CD8+ T cell population, naïve and memory cells express the CD73 ectonucleotidase, while terminally differentiated effector cells are devoid of this enzyme. This evidence suggests that adenosine might exert an autocrine effect on CD8+ T cells during T cell differentiation.

Pathogen-induced tissue-resident memory T17 (T17) cells amplify autoimmune kidney disease.

Although it is well established that microbial infections predispose to autoimmune diseases, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. After infection, tissue-resident memory T (T) cells persist in peripheral organs and provide immune protection against reinfection. However, whether T cells participate in responses unrelated to the primary infection, such as autoimmune inflammation, is unknown.

P2X7 Receptor at the Crossroads of T Cell Fate.

The P2X7 receptor is a ligand-gated, cation-selective channel whose main physiological ligand is ATP. P2X7 receptor activation may also be triggered by ARTC2.2-dependent ADP ribosylation in the presence of extracellular NAD.

-Generated Tc17 Cells Present a Memory Phenotype and Serve As a Reservoir of Tc1 Cells .

Memory CD8 T cells are ideal candidates for cancer immunotherapy because they can mediate long-term protection against tumors. However, the therapeutic potential of different -generated CD8 T cell effector subsets to persist and become memory cells has not been fully characterized. Type 1 CD8 T (Tc1) cells produce interferon-γ and are endowed with high cytotoxic capacity, whereas IL-17-producing CD8 T (Tc17) cells are less cytotoxic but display enhanced self-renewal capacity.