Decreased Mortality After Long-Term Treatment With Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors: A Retrospective Study of U.S. Veterans With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States is 13% of the general population. Among those with CKD, diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease. This is a retrospective study examining the effect of long-term use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors on all-cause mortality and progression of renal disease in the veteran population.

A Possible New Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Mutation in a Patient with a Prototypic Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Presentation.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1 syndrome is an uncommon inherited disorder characterized by the occurrence of tumors involving two or more endocrine glands. These tumors include pheochromocytoma, adrenal cortical and neuroendocrine tumors including (bronchopulmonary, thymic, gastric), lipomas, angiofibromas, collagenomas, and meningiomas. MEN-4 is very rare and has been characterized by the occurrence of parathyroid and anterior pituitary tumors in association with tumors of the adrenals, kidneys, and reproductive organs.

Preventing and treating the accelerated ageing of obesity.

Advances in the molecular biology of ageing, insulin resistance, inflammation, carcinogenesis and caloric restriction have elucidated commonalities relevant to the chronic overnutrition syndrome termed obesity. Not until the expanded acceptance and availability of surgical treatment of obesity ("bariatric surgery") has it been possible to explore the beneficial effects of sustained voluntary weight loss through controlled undernutrition in freely living people. Bariatric surgery is 58 years old and has undergone dramatic improvements recently becoming significantly safer and more accessible owing to the development of minimally invasive approaches and other advances.