Solid-State NMR Study of Hydrochars Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Poultry Litter.

Poultry litter (PL) hydrochars obtained at different temperatures and charring times were characterized by solid-state H, C and P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. C NMR spectra obtained with cross polarization (CP) and magic-angle spinning evidenced the chemical and structural changes suffered by PL during its transformation into hydrochar; these changes were particularly dependent on the production temperature rather than the residence time. The hydrochars were essentially composed of aromatic and alkyl domains at the temperature of 250 °C.

Effectiveness of different formulations of Endo-PTC to promote root canal cleaning.

Context: Endo-PTC are used during endodontic treatment; however, until now no study evaluated the cleaning of dentin walls after use of different Endo-PTC formulations.

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess qualitatively, by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the cleaning of dentin walls of root canals after chemomechanical preparation (CMP) using Endo-PTC cream and Endo-PTC light associated to 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediamine tetraacetate (EDTA).