Acute 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran treatment reverses the neurobehavioral alterations induced by sleep deprivation in mice.

Sleep is a fundamental state for maintaining the organism homeostasis. Disruptions in sleep patterns predispose to the appearance of memory impairments and mental disorders, including depression. Recent pre-clinical studies have highlighted the antidepressant-like properties of the synthetic compound 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran (SeBZF1).

Anxiolytic-like action of 3-((4-methoxyphenyl)selanyl)-2-phenylbenzofuran (SeBZF3) in mice: A possible contribution of the serotonergic system.

Anxiety disorders, characterized by high prevalence rates, cause psychiatric disabilities and are related to impairments in serotoninergic system function. Frequent anxiety recurrence, resistance, and drug adverse effects have driven searches for new therapies. We initially evaluated the anxiolytic-like activity of 3-selanyl-benzo[b]furan compounds (SeBZF1-5) (50 mg/kg, i.

Bioactivity of selenium-containing pyridinium salts: Prospecting future pharmaceutical constituents to treat liver diseases involving oxidative stress.

Redox imbalance leads to oxidative stress that causes irreversible cellular damage. The incorporation of the antioxidant element selenium (Se) in the structure of pyridinium salts has been used as a strategy in chemical synthesis and can be useful in drug development. We investigated the antioxidant activity of Se-containing pyridinium salts (named Compounds 3A, 3B, and 3C) through in vitro tests.

Depressive-like behavior and cognitive impairment induced by acute administration of dexamethasone: Pharmacological effects of 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran in female Swiss mice.

Synthetic glucocorticoid administration has been reported to play a role in depression and cognitive decline. The present study investigated the 2-phenyl-3-(phenylselanyl)benzofuran (SeBZF1) effects against the depressive-like behavior, memory impairment, and neurochemical alterations caused by acute dexamethasone administration in female Swiss mice. A dexamethasone dose-response curve (0.

Clinical and Toxicological Profile of NBOMes: A Systematic Review.

Background: NBOMes are a new class of potent hallucinogens widely present in illicit drugs. Little is known about this class of drugs, regarding its detection and clinical manifestations of intoxication.

Objective: This study aims to enhance care involving NBOMes by reviewing the literature on their clinical manifestations and laboratorydetection.

What can HPA axis-linked genes tell us about anxiety disorders in adolescents?

Introduction: Anxiety disorders (AD) share features of both anxiety and fear linked to stress response. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is considered the core biological pathway of the stress system and it is known that an inappropriate response to environmental stimuli may be related to individual genetic vulnerability in HPA-linked genes. Despite the biological plausibility of a relationship between the HPA axis and AD, few studies have investigated associations between genetic polymorphisms linked to the HPA axis and this complex disorder.

N-acetylcysteine prevents spatial memory impairment induced by chronic early postnatal glutaric acid and lipopolysaccharide in rat pups.

Background And Aims: Glutaric aciduria type I (GA-I) is characterized by accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and neurological symptoms, such as cognitive impairment. Although this disease is related to oxidative stress and inflammation, it is not known whether these processes facilitate the memory impairment. Our objective was to investigate the performance of rat pups chronically injected with GA and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in spatial memory test, antioxidant defenses, cytokines levels, Na+, K+-ATPase activity, and hippocampal volume.

Physical exercise down-regulated locomotor side effects induced by haloperidol treatment in Wistar rats.

Extra-pyramidal symptoms (EPS) such as akinesia, dystonia, gait alteration and tremors are observed when dopamine D2-receptors are blocked by pharmacological agents such as haloperidol. These alterations produce a Parkinson disease-like state (PLS). Physical exercise has been proven to improve gait and locomotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease; we sought to elucidate the effects of physical exercise on PLS induced by chronic administration of haloperidol in rats.

Physical exercise increases GFAP expression and induces morphological changes in hippocampal astrocytes.

Physical exercise has an important influence on brain plasticity, which affects the neuron-glia interaction. Astrocytes are susceptible to plasticity, and induce and stabilize synapses, regulate the concentration of various molecules, and support neuronal energy metabolism. The aim of our study was to investigate whether physical exercise is capable of altering the morphology, density and expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in astrocytes from the CA1 region of rat hippocampus.

Treating refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: what to do when conventional treatment fails?

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic and impairing condition. A very small percentage of patients become asymptomatic after treatment. The purpose of this paper was to review the alternative therapies available for OCD when conventional treatment fails.

Effects of physical exercise on spatial memory and astroglial alterations in the hippocampus of diabetic rats.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with neurocognitive dysfunction and astrogliosis. Physical exercise prevents cognitive impairments and induces important brain modifications. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on spatial memory and astrocytic function in the hippocampus of a T1DM model.