Accelerometer-Derived Sleep Metrics in Adolescents Reveal Shared Genetic Influences with Obesity and Stress in a Brazilian Birth Cohort Study.

We aimed to test the association between sleep-related polygenic scores (PGSs) and accelerometer-based sleep metrics among Brazilian adolescents, and to evaluate potential mechanisms underlying the association through the enrichment of obesity, and cortisol pathway-specific polygenic scores (PRSet). Utilizing data from The 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort, sleep time window and sleep efficiency were measured at the 11-year-old follow-up using ActiGraph accelerometers. Three sleep-PGSs were developed based on the most recent genome-wide association study (GWAS) of accelerometer-based sleep measures.

Harsh parenting trajectories from childhood through adolescence and socioemotional competences at age 18: 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Limited research has explored the course of harsh parenting practices throughout childhood and adolescence and its impact on socioemotional competences from a longitudinal perspective. This study examined the association between harsh parenting trajectories and socioemotional competences at age 18.

Methods: Data from the 2004 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort study, originally comprising 4231 live births, were used.

Changes of adolescent sleep patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised numerous concerns regarding its effects on individuals' health and lifestyle. We aim to analyze potential changes in adolescent sleep patterns from before and during the pandemic and identify specific predictors of changes.

Methods: A subgroup of adolescents from a population-based birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil, was assessed pre-pandemic (T1, November-2019 to March-2020) and peri-pandemic (T2, August-2021 to December-2021) in in-person interviews (n = 1,949).

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in stillbirths, under-5 and maternal mortality in Brazil: Excess deaths and regional inequalities.

Background: Despite the proliferation of studies on the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is less evidence on the indirect death toll compared to the health system and service provision disruptions. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on national and regional trends and differences in stillbirths, under-5 and maternal deaths in Brazil.

Methods: We used the nationwide routine health information system data from January 2017 to December 2021, to which we applied descriptive and advanced mixed effects ordinary least squared regression models to measure the percent change in mortality levels during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 to December 2021).

Validation of dysphagia perception to predict the risk for dysphagia in non-institutionalized older adults.

Background And Aims: Dysphagia is a swallowing disorder that affects mainly the older adults and can compromise quality of life, and increase the risk for malnutrition and aspiration. Early diagnosis is, therefore, essential to prevent adversities. We aimed to evaluate the validity of self-perceived dysphagia in community-dwelling older adults (60 years or older) from Pelotas, Brazil, participants in the "COMO VAI?"

Methods: The Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) was used as the reference tool to identify the risk for dysphagia and the self-perception of dysphagia was assessed using the following question: "Do you have swallowing difficulties?" (Yes/No).

Measles vaccination in Brazil: where have we been and where are we headed?

The re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases due to the decline in vaccine coverage (VC) has been documented in several countries. The objective was to analyze the VC, the homogeneity of VC, and measles cases in Brazil from 2011 to 2021, focusing on the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, its temporal trend, space-time distribution, and factors associated with clusters of lower VC. This is an ecological study on measles VC (dose 1), with methods of interrupted time series and evaluation of spatio-temporal disposition, through the sweep test to identify clusters of VC.

Vaccination against poliomyelitis in Brazil from 2011 to 2021: successes, setbacks, and challenges ahead.

The drop in childhood vaccination coverage (VC), including poliomyelitis, has become a health concern. The objective was to analyze the temporal trend of coverage of the three doses of the polio vaccine in the first 12 months of life between 2011 and 2021, in addition to mapping vaccination coverage in Brazil, including the COVID-19 pandemic period. An ecological study was carried out using interrupted time series (STI) techniques and spatial analysis, with data from the National Immunization Program Information System.

[Adequacy of the frequency and types of meals consumed by community-dwelling elderly folk in the south of Brazil].

The scope of this study was to describe the frequency and types of meals consumed by the elderly in Pelotas (Brazil) and factors associated with the adequacy of meal frequency. A cross-sectional study was carried out with ≥60 years of age individuals. They were asked about daily meals during the week prior to the interview.

Dysphagia Perception Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults from a Municipality in Southern Brazil.

To analyse the prevalence of dysphagia perception and associated factors among community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, Brazil. A total of 1447 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 and older participated in a cross-sectional population-based study carried out in 2014. Dysphagia perception was assessed using the following question: "Do you have swallowing difficulties? (Yes/No)".

Sources of access to medication and its use in the rural area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2016: a cross-sectional population-based study.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of medication use, sources of access, and associated factors among rural residents in Pelotas, RS, Brazil.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2016 with adults ≥18 years old. Participants reported on medication use and sources of access to medication in the month prior to the interview.

Simultaneity of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in a rural population of a Southern Brazilian city.

Objectives: To describe the occurrence of simultaneous risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, and factors associated with these prevalences in rural adults of a Southern Brazilian city.

Methods: The design of this study was cross-sectional with a sample of 1,445 adults from the rural area of Pelotas, RS. Four risk factors were considered: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity and inadequate consumption of vegetables.

Body mass index and mortality among community-dwelling elderly of Southern Brazil.

This study aims to measure the association between body mass index (BMI), comparing two different classifications, and mortality among community-dwelling elderly considering myopenia in Pelotas, Brazil. This is a longitudinal study started in 2014, we followed 1451 elderly people (≥ 60 years) enrolled in the "COMO VAI?" study. BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the classification with specific cutoff points for older adults.

Sleep duration trajectories from age 3 to 48 months in The Pelotas (Brazil) 2004 Birth Cohort Study.

Background: Optimal sleep is essential for child growth, development, and immune function. Few studies have evaluated factors associated with sleep duration in childhood from a longitudinal perspective.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify trajectories of sleep duration in childhood and associated maternal and child characteristics.

The Role of Sleep Duration and Sleep Problems During Childhood in the Development of ADHD in Adolescence: Findings From a Population-Based Birth Cohort.

We aimed to investigate the association between sleep in early life and ADHD in adolescence. As a secondary analysis, we tested whether the associations may be specific to ADHD. Data from 3,467 participants of the 2004 Pelotas Birth Cohort were used.

Epidemiology of smoking in the rural area of a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of smoking and associated factors among rural residents.

Methods: This is a population-based, cross-sectional study of 1,519 individuals carried out in 2016. We randomly selected 24 of the 50 census tracts that make up the eight rural districts of the city of Pelotas, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Lifelong robbery victimisation and mental disorders at age 18 years: Brazilian population-based study.

Purpose: Urban violence is a major problem in Brazil and may contribute to mental disorders among victims. The aim of this study was to assess the association between robbery victimisation and mental health disorders in late adolescence.

Methods: At age 18 years, 4106 participants in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study were assessed.

Effect of maternal postpartum depression on offspring's growth.

Background: Previous studies have linked maternal depression to different child offspring's growth outcomes. However, its effect has not been well established. The aim of this review was to evaluate the available evidence on the effect of maternal postpartum depression on offspring weight and height growth outcomes.

Estimation of body fat in adults using a portable A-mode ultrasound.

Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate equations to estimate body fat based on anthropometric measurements of subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT) and muscle thickness (MT) measured by A-mode ultrasound (BodyMetrix) in Brazilian adults.

Methods: Individuals (n = 206) underwent air-displacement plethysmography for body composition assessment. Arm, thigh, and calf circumferences were also obtained.

Burden of physical inactivity and hospitalization costs due to chronic diseases.

Objective: To evaluate the physical inactivity-related inpatient costs of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Methods: This study used data from 2013, from Brazilian Unified Health System, regarding inpatient numbers and costs due to malignant colon and breast neoplasms, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and osteoporosis. In order to calculate the share physical inactivity represents in that, the physical inactivity-related risks, which apply to each disease, were considered, and physical inactivity prevalence during leisure activities was obtained from Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílio(Brazil's National Household Sample Survey).

[Preference for behavior conducive to physical activity and physical activity levels of children from a southern Brazil city].

This article aims to describe preferences for behavior conducive to physical activity (PA) and to evaluate the influence of these preferences on physical activity of children from Pelotas in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It involved a cross-sectional study with children aged 4 to 11. Behavior conducive to PA was evaluated using the Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ).