Efficacy of ketoconazole gel-flakes in treatment of vaginal candidiasis: Formulation, in vitro and clinical evaluation.

Candida albicans, as the main causative fungus of vaginal candidiasis, is currently a global issue of concern due to its high prevalence, biofilm formation and emergence of resistance. Ketoconazole (KTZ), an antifungal drug, which has poor water-solubility and penetration capacity, is ineffective against deep-seated Candida infection. Considering these issues, this work aimed to develop a novel multifunctional carrier for KTZ via encapsulation of KTZ/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) co-ground mixture into chitosan/gellan gum gel-flakes (threadlike and polygonal structures).