Diabetes Mellitus and Liver Surgery: The Effect of Diabetes on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation.

(DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and high morbidity worldwide. The detrimental effects of hyperglycaemia include an increase in the oxidative stress (OS) response and an enhanced inflammatory response. DM compromises the ability of the liver to regenerate and is particularly associated with poor prognosis after ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury.

The impact of cortisol in steatotic and non-steatotic liver surgery.

The intent of this study was to examine the effects of regulating cortisol levels on damage and regeneration in livers with and without steatosis subjected to partial hepatectomy under ischaemia-reperfusion. Ultimately, we found that lean animals undergoing liver resection displayed no changes in cortisol, whereas cortisol levels in plasma, liver and adipose tissue were elevated in obese animals undergoing such surgery. Such elevations were attributed to enzymatic upregulation, ensuring cortisol production, and downregulation of enzymes controlling cortisol clearance.

The effect of brain death in rat steatotic and non-steatotic liver transplantation with previous ischemic preconditioning.

Background & Aims: Most liver grafts undergoing transplantation derive from brain dead donors, which may also show hepatic steatosis, being both characteristic risk factors in liver transplantation. Ischemic preconditioning shows benefits when applied in non-brain dead clinical situations like hepatectomies, whereas it has been less promising in the transplantation from brain dead patients. This study examined how brain death affects preconditioned steatotic and non-steatotic liver grafts undergoing transplantation.

Riboflavin (vitamin B-2) reduces hepatocellular injury following liver ischaemia and reperfusion in mice.

Riboflavin has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in the settings of experimental sepsis and ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We investigated the effect of riboflavin on normothermic liver I/R injury. Mice were submitted to 60 min of ischaemia plus saline or riboflavin treatment (30 μmoles/kg BW) followed by 6 h of reperfusion.

The effects of glucose and lipids in steatotic and non-steatotic livers in conditions of partial hepatectomy under ischaemia-reperfusion.

Background: Steatosis is a risk factor in partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. Nutritional support strategies, as well as the role of peripheral adipose tissue as energy source for liver regeneration, remain poorly investigated.

Aims: To investigate whether the administration of either glucose or a lipid emulsion could protect steatotic and non-steatotic livers against damage and regenerative failure in an experimental model of PH under I/R.

Resistin and visfatin in steatotic and non-steatotic livers in the setting of partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion.

Background & Aims: This study examined whether the regulation of resistin and visfatin could reduce damage and improve regeneration in both steatotic and non-steatotic livers undergoing partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion, a procedure commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding.

Methods: Resistin and visfatin were pharmacologically modulated in lean and obese animals undergoing partial hepatectomy under ischemia-reperfusion.

Results: No evident role for these adipocytokines was observed in non-steatotic livers.

Adiponectin and resistin protect steatotic livers undergoing transplantation.

Background & Aims: Numerous steatotic livers are discarded for transplantation because of their poor tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion. Controversial roles for adiponectin and related adipocytokines visfatin and resistin have been described in different liver pathologies, nevertheless it is unknown their possible implication in ischemia-reperfusion injury associated with liver transplantation. Our study aimed at characterizing the role of the adiponectin-derived molecular pathway in transplantation with steatotic and non-steatotic liver grafts.

Retinol binding protein 4 and retinol in steatotic and nonsteatotic rat livers in the setting of partial hepatectomy under ischemia/reperfusion.

Steatotic livers show increased hepatic damage and impaired regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) under ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), which is commonly applied in clinical practice to reduce bleeding. The known function of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is to transport retinol in the circulation. We examined whether modulating RBP4 and/or retinol could protect steatotic and nonsteatotic livers in the setting of PH under I/R.