Molar mass distributions of linear homopolymers by size exclusion chromatography with light scattering detection: A method for automatic band broadening correction.

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) equipped with a differential refractometer (DR) and a light scattering (LS) detector is a well-known technique for determining the molar mass distribution (MMD) of many polymers. In the case of narrow polymers, correction of the band broadening (BB) effect is necessary; but unfortunately, the available BB correction methods are rather impractical for most SEC users. This work proposes an automatic BB correction method for determining the MMD of narrow linear homopolymers (or multimodal homopolymers that include narrow modes) on the basis of SEC/(DR + LS) measurements.

Physicochemical characterization of water-soluble chitosan derivatives with singlet oxygen quenching and antibacterial capabilities.

New water-soluble chitosan derivatives (WSCh) were obtained by Maillard reaction (MR) between glucosamine (GA) with both low and medium molecular weight chitosans (Ch). The WSCh showed larger solubility than the respective Ch, while their deacetylation degree (DD) decreased by approximately 12%. Infrared spectroscopy experiments of WSCh confirmed the formation of imine bonds after MR with intensified pyranose structure, and sugar molecules as polymer branches.

Scleroglucan compatibility with thickeners, alcohols and polyalcohols and downstream processing implications.

Thickening capacity and compatibility of scleroglucan with commercial thickeners (corn starch, gum arabic, carboxymethylcellulose, gelatin, xanthan and pectin), glycols (ethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol), alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol and isopropanol) and polyalcohols (sorbitol, xylitol and mannitol) was explored. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) from Sclerotium rolfsii ATCC 201126 and a commercial scleroglucan were compared. Compatibility and synergism were evaluated taking into account rheology, pH and sensory properties of different thickener/scleroglucan mixtures in comparison with pure solutions.

Estimation of band broadening in size-exclusion chromatography. I. A method based on analyzing narrow standards with a molar mass-sensitive detector.

A method is proposed for estimating the (asymmetrical and non-uniform) band broadening function (BBF) in size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The following data are required: the molar mass calibration and the concentration- and molar mass chromatograms of a set of narrow standards. In the narrow range of each standard, the BBF is uniform but skewed.