Clinical and Histopathologic Assessment of Facial Melasma After Low-Fluence Q-Switched Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet Laser.

Background: Melasma is a frequent and difficult to treat skin disorder. Results of laser therapy are inconsistent.

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of low-fluence Q-switched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (QS Nd:YAG) laser for melasma treatment and assess recurrence rates and histopathologic findings before and after treatment.

Effects of estrogen therapy on microalbuminuria in healthy post-menopausal women.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of estrogen therapy on microalbuminuria levels in healthy post-menopausal women.

Methods: Sixty post-menopausal women were evaluated in a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups to take one pill orally per day containing either 1 mg of 17beta-estradiol (E(2) group) or placebo (placebo group).