Chagas disease is a complex zoonosis. Clinically, it presents in two distinct phases, acute and chronic. The ability of patients to respond to infection depends on the balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, in which cytokines play a key regulatory role.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT-cell Immunoglobulin and Mucin Domain 3 (TIM-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor known to regulate T-cell activation and has been targeted for immunotherapy in cancer and other diseases. However, its expression and function in other cell types, such as macrophages, are poorly understood. This study investigated TIM-3 expression in human macrophages polarized to M1 (stimulated with IFN- and LPS) and M2 (stimulated with IL-4 and IL-13) phenotypes using an in vitro model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Chagas disease, the mechanisms involved in cardiac damage are an active field of study. The factors underlying the evolution of lesions following infection by and, in some cases, the persistence of its antigens and the host response, with the ensuing development of clinically observable cardiac damage, are analyzed in this review.
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