Hydrophobicity of graphene as a driving force for inhibiting biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria and fungi.

Objective: To evaluate the surface and wettability characteristics and the microbial biofilm interaction of graphene coating on titanium.

Methods: Graphene was deposited on titanium (Control) via a liquid-free technique. The transfer was performed once (TiGS), repeated two (TiGD) and five times (TiGV) and characterized by AFM (n=10), Raman spectroscopy (n=10), contact angle and SFE (n=5).